安全系统工程_2

SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillustrationshowinghighimpactriskareasfortheInternationalSpaceStationSafetyengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichassuresthatengineeredsystemsprovideacceptablelevelsofsafety.Itisstronglyrelatedtoindustrialengineering/systemsengineering,andthesubsetsystemsafetyengineering.Safetyengineeringassuresthatalife-criticalsystembehavesasneeded,evenwhencomponentsfail.常用术语•危险：hazard•安全：safe•事故：accident•风险：risk•灾害：disaster•系统：system•可靠性：reliability•安全分析：safetyanalysis•安全评价：safetyevaluation•Accidentcausationmodels事故致因理论•Safetymanagement安全管理•Physicalconditions物质条件•Lossprevention损失预防•Topmanagement高层管理人员•Humanerrors人因失误•Hazardcontrol危险控制•Corporateculture企业文化•Riskingtaking冒险行为•Safetyofficer安全官员•Safetycommittee安全委员会•Unionizedcompany集团公司•Safetyprinciple安全规则•Statusreview状态审查•Supervisorylevel监督层•Implementplan执行计划•Hazardidentification危险辨识•Safetyperformance安全性能Systemsengineeringisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringandengineeringmanagementthatfocusesonhowtodesignandmanagecomplexsystemsovertheirlifecycles.Atitscoresystemsengineeringutilizessystemsthinkingprinciplestoorganizethisbodyofknowledge.Issuessuchasrequirementsengineering,reliability,logistics,coordinationofdifferentteams,testingandevaluation,maintainabilityandmanyotherdisciplinesnecessaryforsuccessfulsystemdevelopment,design,implementation,andultimatedecommissionbecomemoredifficultwhendealingwithlargeorcomplexprojects.ⅡSystemEngineering•Systemsengineeringdealswithwork-processes,optimizationmethods,andriskmanagementtoolsinsuchprojects.Itoverlapstechnicalandhuman-centereddisciplinessuchasindustrialengineering,mechanicalengineering,manufacturingengineering,controlengineering,softwareengineering,electricalengineering,cybernetics,organizationalstudiesandprojectmanagement.Systemsengineeringensuresthatalllikelyaspectsofaprojectorsystemareconsidered,andintegratedintoawhole.•Thesystemsengineeringprocessisadiscoveryprocessthatisquiteunlikeamanufacturingprocess.Amanufacturingprocessisfocusedonrepetitiveactivitiesthatachievehighqualityoutputswithminimumcostandtime.Thesystemsengineeringprocessmustbeginbydiscoveringtherealproblemsthatneedtoberesolved,andidentifythemostprobableorhighestimpactfailuresthatcanoccur–systemsengineeringinvolvesfindingelegantsolutionstotheseproblems.Systemcharacteristics:Unity—整体性Relativity—相关性Objective,Goal&Function—目的性和功能性AdaptabilitytotheEnvironment—环境适应性Dynamic—动态性Systemhasitsownorder—有序性Classificationofsystem•NaturalandHuman-MadeSystem自然系统和人工系统•PhysicalandConceptualSystem实体系统和抽象系统•StaticandDynamicSystem静态系统和动态系统•ControlandBehaviorSystem控制系统和行为系统•OpenandClosedSystem开放系统和封闭系统Systemengineeringmethod•Engineeringlogic•Engineeringanalysis•Statisticaltheoryandprobabilitytheory•OperationsresearchSystemengineeringprinciple•系统原理•整分合原理•反馈原理•弹性原理•封闭原理•能级原理•动力原理•激励原理•Systemprinciple•Principleofintegral-division•Feedbackprinciple•Elasticityprinciple•Closureprinciple•Energylevelprinciple•Dynamicprinciple•IncentiveprincipleⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Featuresofsafetysystem•系统性•开放性•确定性与非确定性•有序与无序的统一体•突变性或畸变性•Systematicness•Openness•Certaintyanduncertainty•Unityoforderanddisorder•Suddenorabnormaldegeneration2.SafetySystemEngineeringDefinition•安全系统工程是运用系统工程方法，识别、分析、评价系统寿命周期中的危险性，根据其结果调整工艺、设备、操作、管理、生产周期和投资等因素，控制可能发生的事故，使系统处于最佳安全状态。Definition•Safetysystemengineeringisamethodofusingsystemengineeringtoidentify,analyzeandevaluatethehazardsinthelifecycleofasystem.•Accordingtotheresults,itadjuststheprocess,equipment,operation,management,productioncycle,investmentandotherfactorstocontrolthepossibleaccidents,sothatthesystemisintheoptimalsecuritystate.Threesubsystems:HumansubsystemsMachinesubsystemsEnvironmentsubsystem3.ResearchobjectofsafetysystemengineeringThesethreeinterrelated,mutuallyconstrained,interactivesubsystemsconstituteanorganicwholeofahuman-machine-environmentsystem.Analysis,evaluation,controlhuman-machine-environmentsystemsecurity,canreallysolvethesystemsafetyissues.4.ResearchcontentsofsafetysystemengineeringThebasictaskofsafetysystemsengineeringistopredict,evaluateandcontrolhazards.Theanalysisprocesscanbesummarizedasfollows:Systemsafetyanalysis(identificationandforecastinghazards);Risk(safety)evaluation(includinghuman,machine,material,craft,environment,organization,etc);Comparison;Comprehensiveevaluation;Optimizethedecisionoftheplan.Themaintechnicalmeanscanbesummarizedassystemsafetyanalysis,systemsafetyevaluationandsafetydecision-makingandaccidentcontrol.ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysisThroughthesystemsafetyanalysis,youcanidentifythedangeroussourcesinthesystem,analyzethepossibledangerousstates,estimatetheprobabilityoftheaccident,thepossibledamageandtheseverityoftheconsequences,bymodifyingthesystemdesignorchangethecontrolsystemtoruntheprogram.maincontent•Investigateandanalyzethevariousdangeroussourcesandtheirrelationsinthesystem•Conductinvestigationandanalysisofsystem-relatedenvironmentalconditions,equipment,personnelandotherrelevantfactors•Analyzemeasuresthatcantakeadvantageofappropriateequipment,procedures,processesormaterials,controloreradicateaparticular