高考英语时态和语态

动词谓语动词时态、语态虚拟语气非谓语动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词的分类语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题.近三年动词的时态在高考中的考点考点年号一般体进行体将来体完成体完成进行体2004242620052929200623最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while过去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作1一般现在时的用法1）经常性或习惯性的动作1.I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play2.---_____myglasses?----Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.wouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen3.Wewillseetoitthateverychildinthenation____goodeducation,especiallythoseinthepoorcountryside.A.getB.willgetC.getsD.wouldget1一般现在时的用法2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。①Knowledgebeginswithpractice.②Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.③Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.served④----Thegirl____weightrecently.----Yes,she_____toomuch.A.hasgained,iseatingB.gains,eatsC.isgaining,ateD.isgaining,eats1一般现在时的用法3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。①Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.②----Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.----OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken③I’vebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe_____timeforagametomorrow.A.shallhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.aregoingtohave④----CanIdriveonthefreeway,MrGreen?-----Youcanwhenyou_____abitmoreskilled.A.willgetB.aregettingC.willhavegotD.get2一般过去时的用法1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.----Look!Someonehasspilt（溢出）coffeeonthecarpet.（地毯）----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.----I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?A.Don’tyouknowB.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknowD.Hadn’tyouknown3.----WasMaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere?------Yes,butshe_____soonafterwards.A.hadleftB.leftC.wouldleaveD.willleave2一般过去时的用法2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）②Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）1.----HasTommyfinishedhisjobyet?----Ihavenoideaofit;he____itthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did2.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell3.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown4.---I’msorry,Ishouldn’thavebeensorudetoyou.-----You_____yourtemperbutthat’sOK.A.havelostB.hadlostC.didloseD.werelosing.3.一般将来时1.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。2.表示将来时的四种形式①will/shall+动词原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo(正要干什么)④betodo①begoingto有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.A.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did②begoingto可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will不能表示Lookattheclouds!It’sgoingtorain.3.beto和begoingto①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。②betodo安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.4．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when连用，when此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词构成句型：…beabouttodo…when….Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。Theplaneleavestomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow,但没有will,begoingto)（2）某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFloria.I______mymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavebeen4.现在进行时1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange③----Annworksveryhard.----Infact.Ithinkshe______justnow.A.studiedB.isstudyingC.studiesD.willstud④Pleasecallagain.Jim_____abathjustnow.A.hashadB.washavingC.ishavingD.has⑤Mymoney_____.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutofbeforeI’venoneinhand.A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasbeenrunoutD.isbeingrunout⑥Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You_____yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadwornB.woreC.arewearingD.werewearing特殊用性：现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go,come,leave,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive，take等。We’removingtothenewbuildingnextweek.现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings.1.You_____thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyouroom!A.alwaysthrowB.h