初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题

初中阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧授课老师：黄文婷什么是主旨大意题？01主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式02不同体裁（议论文，记叙文，说明文等）的主旨大意题解题技巧03CONTENTS01PARTONE什么是主旨大意题？什么是主旨大意题？主题、目的或标题段落或文章02PARTTWO主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式标题类主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式：大意类目的类Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____.Thepassageismeantto….Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatisthetopicofthispassage?03PARTTHREE（议论文、记叙文、说明文）主旨大意题解题技巧如何解答主旨大意题？2.通读全文/段落，寻找主题句4.排除干扰项1.读题——文章/段落，目的类/大意类/标题类干扰项有什么特点？1.以偏概全2.断章取义4.张冠李戴3.主题扩大5.无中生有排除法★★根据标题的特点（概括性、针对性、醒目性）排除干扰项议论文的主旨大意题1什么是议论文？提出见解，驳斥观点摆事实、讲道理、辨是非以理服人！议论文的结构1.“总论——分论——总论”式总论=文章主旨大意分论=段落主旨大意2.“总论——分论”式3.“分论——总论”式议论文的主题句一般在哪里？首段或首句★Attention！先提出别人的观点，（however，but）作者进行驳斥，再提出自己的观点！【2014】Thepurposeofparagraph3isto_______.A.showhowanimalscanhelpwithillnessesB.discusstheproblemsofkeepingpetsC.describehowtotrainanimalhelpersD.introducesomenewmedicalresearchHereisacasethatshowsthebenefitsofanimals.Johnwasasix-year-oldmute.Hehadnophysicalproblems.Hejustrefusedtotalk.Hisoldercousin,Ned,hadaparrotcalledSally,andJohnusedtovisitit.Whenhearrived,Nedusedtosay,“Hi,John!”Weallknowparrotscopywhattheyhear.Afterafewvisits,Sallybegansaying“Hi,John!”whenJohncameintotheroom.Then,oneday,Johnturnedtotheparrotandreplied“Hi,Sally!”StayingwiththeparrotencouragedJohntobegintalking.1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat______.A.chocolateishealthierthanvegetablesB.theworldcouldsoonbewithoutchocolateC.peoplelovevegetablesmorethanchocolateD.it’snotnecessarytoeatsomuchchocolateMostofusprobablylivewithoutvegetables,butaworldwithoutchocolate?Nowthatwouldbehard!Accordingtochocolatemakersitcouldhappenifwedon'tactsoon.WhatisthebesttitleforParagraph2?A.TheAgeandSizeofEarthB.OurGalaxy:TheMilkyWayC.WhyIntelligentLifeMightExistD.Earth:TheOnlyPlanetwithIntelligentLifeWhydoShostakandBarnettthinkintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets?Thefirstreasonistime.Scientistsbelievetheuniverseisabout12billionyearsold.“Thisislongenoughforotherplanetstohaveintelligentlife,”sayShostakandBarnett.Thesecondreasonissize—theuniverseishuge.“ToolsliketheHubbleTelescope(哈勃望远镜)haveshownthatthereareatleast100billiongalaxies,”saysShostak.“Andourgalaxy,theMilkyWay,hasatleast100billionstars.SomeplanetsgoingaroundthesestarsmightbesimilartoEarth.”Thispassagetellsusmainlyabout_________.A.theimportanceofguessinginlearningaforeignlanguageB.howtoguesswhatoneisgoingtotalkaboutC.someexamplesofrightguessingD.howimportantitistoguessallthetimeOneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingallthetimewhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessary(必要的)todothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.1.What'sthematter？Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI…2.Ifeelsotiredthesedays.Ithinkyou'dbetter…3.Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.Sheisoneofthemost…Youcanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.SoguessingisveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especially(尤其)spokenEnglish.Intheworldtoday,allofthepeopleneedrecreation（消遣）.Wecannotworkallthetimeifwearegoingtokeephealthyandenjoylife.Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularformistotakepartinsports.Thereareteamsports,suchasbasketballandfootball.Therearealsoindividual（个人的）sports,suchasswimmingandrunning.Skatingandmountainclimbingarethemostpopularrecreationforpeoplewholiketobeoutdoor（室外的）.Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportslikestotakepartinthem.ManypeoplelikewatchingthemonTVorlisteningtothemontheradio.Somanypeoplelikesomeformsofindoorrecreation,suchaswatchingTV,singinganddancing.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherwelikeindoorrecreationortakepartinoutdoorsports.Itisimportantforeveryonetorelaxfromtimetotime,andenjoysomeformsofrecreation.Thepassagetellsusthat.A.basketballisakindofteamsportsB.everyonewhoenjoyssportsshouldtakepartinthemC.differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofrelaxingD.indoorrecreationisnotasimportantasoutdoorsportsWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeesLoveBlueB.BeesLoveSyrupC.Bees,ColorandSyrupD.CanBeesSeeColor?Tofindoutwhetherbees（蜜蜂）canseecolours,thefollowingexperimentismade.Aroundtableisputinagarden,andonthetableisapieceofbluecardboard（硬纸板）withadropofsyrup（糖浆）onit.Afterashorttime,beescometothesyrup.Thebeesthenflytotheirhive（蜂房）andgivethesyruptootherbeesinthehive.Thentheyreturntothefeeding-placewhichtheyhavefound.Afterawhile,thebluecardboardwiththesyruponitistakenaway.Insteadofthiscard,abluecardisnowputontheleftsideofthefirstfeeding-placeandaredcardtoitsright.Thesenewcardshavenosyruponthem.Verysoonbeesarriveagain,andflystraighttothebluecard.Nonegototheredcard.Thetopicofthepassageis.A.HowtodrawahorseB.HowtowriteastoryC.HowtomakeyourownrulesD.TrusttoyourownpowersAfriendofminewasfondofdrawinghorse.Hedrewthehorsesverywell,buthealwaysbeganthetail.NowitistheWesternruletobeginattheheadofthehorse,thatiswhyIwassurprised.Itstruckmethatitcouldnotreallymakeanydifferencewhethertheartistbeginsattheheadorthetailorthebe