研究生英语答案重点小结

第一课※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※1.Itisoneoftheparadoxesofsocialintercoursethatacomplimentismuchhardertorespondtothananinsult.在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。2.Hereisanareaofsmalltalkwheremostofusactawkwardly.闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。3.Someoneuttersapleasing,praisefulremarkinourdirectionandwegrowinarticulateandourkneecapsbegintovibrate.有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。4.Ican’tevenacceptwithgraceacomplimentbestoweduponmeforathingthatisn’treallymine.如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。5.ThenearestIevercametodownrightacceptanceofthisparticularcomplimentwasthetimeIsaid,“Well,welikeit.”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。”6.carriedawaybythevastnessofhiscomplimentaryremark,awomansaid,“Well,welikeit.”一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。”7.Ithinkwemakeamistakewhenwereacttoacomplimentwithdenialandderogation.我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。8.Thesituationhereismuchthesameastheoneregardingmyview.这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。9.Iknowamanwhohasputhismindtothisproblemandcomeupwithatechniqueforbrushingoffpraise.Heemploysasortofunreasonablerealism.我认识一个潜心研究这种问题的人，他想出了一个办法来避开别人的表扬。他采取了一种不近情理的现实态度。10.Idon’tthinkthisfellowisontherighttrack.我想这个家伙回答的方式有问题。11.Thissortofthing,thewittyreply,oughttobeplacedundergovernmentregulation.这种俏皮机智的应答，应该置于政府的规定之中。12.Thatone,Ithought,wasmorethanpassable.Butforeverygenuinelycleverretortthereareathousandthatfallflat.IttakesaDorothyParkeroraGeorgeS.Kaufmantohandlethequipcomebackwithskill.我想，这个回答相当不错。但是，在千百次的应对中才会有一句真正巧妙的应答。只有像多萝西·帕克或乔治·考夫曼这样的人才能应对自如。13.Theunwrittencodeofauthorhoodcompelsmetosay,ineffect,“Youmustbeapersonofexecrableliteraryjudgement.”实际上，著书人的一条不成文的规定使我不得不这样说:“你这个人，文学鉴赏水平一定很差劲。”14.Youareleftstandingtherewithimmeasurablylovelyeggonyourface.让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。15.Thereisnopointintryingtoplaythegamebackatthem—they’lltopyouintheend,nomatterwhat.要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风。16.Onethingisclear:atthebottomofallgracefulsocialintercourseliespoise.有一点很清楚：在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇定。17.GiventhesamecircumstancesIwouldhavequietlyaskedforacoilofrope.要是我遇到这种情况，我会感到极为窘迫，恨不得悄悄地找根绳子去上吊。18.Hesaid,withsuperbcalmnessandgravity,“Madam,Iwillthankyouforthatgoose.”他极为平静而庄重地说，“夫人，您把那鹅给我，我将感激不尽。”第五课※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※1.Theseriouspartofmylifeeversinceboyhoodhasbeendevotedtotwodifferentobjectswhichforalongtimeremainedseparateandhaveonlyinrecentyearsunitedintoasinglewhole.自少年时代起，我一生的重要时光都致力于实现两个不同的目标。长期以来，这两个目标始终是分离的，直到近几年才合二为一。2.Iwastroubledbyscepticismandunwillinglyforcedtotheconclusionthatmostofwhatpassesforknowledgeisopentoreasonabledoubt.我被怀疑主义所困扰，极不情愿地得出这样的结论：我们所传授的大部分知识都可以合理地质疑。3.ButIdiscoveredthatmanymathematicaldemonstrations,whichmyteachersexpectedmetoaccept,werefulloffallacies,andthat,ifcertaintywereindeeddiscoverableinmathematics,itwouldbeinanewkindofmathematics,withmoresolidfoundationsthanthosethathadhithertobeenthoughtsecure.然而我却发现：老师期望我接受的许多数学演算却充满了谬误；假如确定性果真能从数学中发现的话，那么它也一定是隐藏在一种新型的数学中，其基本原理比迄今为止人们认为无懈可击的数学原理更为可靠。4.therewasnothingmorethatIcoulddointhewayofmakingmathematicalknowledgeindubitable.在使数学知识不容不容置疑这个方面，我已尽了全力。5.AndIamconvincedthatintelligence,patience,andeloquencecan,soonerorlater,leadthehumanraceoutofitsself-imposedtorturesprovideditdoesnotexterminateitselfmeanwhile.我相信：只要人类不自我毁灭，智慧、忍耐和雄辩终究会指引人类走出自己强加于自己的苦难。6.ButIremaincompletelyincapableofagreeingwiththosewhoacceptfatalisticallytheviewthatmanisborntotrouble.但我始终不能完全苟同宿命论者认为人类生来注定要受难的观点。7.Andtherehavebeenmorbidmiseriesfosteredbygloomycreeds,whichhaveledmenintoprofoundinnerdiscordsthatmadealloutwardprosperityofnoavail.悲观的信念滋生了病态的痛苦，致使人类内部极不和谐，从而造成外部的繁荣毫无成果。8.Topreservehopeinourworldmakescallsuponourintelligenceandourenergy.Inthosewhodespairitisfrequentlytheenergythatislacking.对我们的世界一直抱有希望，要求我们付出智慧和精力。9.Thelasthalfofmylifehasbeenlivedinoneofthosepainfulepochsofhumanhistoryduringwhichtheworldisgettingworse,andpastvictorieswhichhadseemedtobedefinitivehaveturnedouttobeonlytemporary.我的后半生一直在人类历史的痛苦时代中度过，在此期间，世界形势日益恶化，过去似乎已成定局的胜利结果只是短暂的。10.Hardlyanyonewashauntedbythefearofgreatwars.Hardlyanyonethoughtofthenineteenthcenturyasabriefinterludebetweenpastandfuturebarbarism.几乎无人因害怕大规模的战争而提心吊胆，几乎没有人把十九世纪看作是野蛮过去和野蛮未来之间的小小插曲。16.Diversityisessentialinspiteofthefactthatitprecludesuniversalacceptanceofasinglegospel.多样性尽管妨碍了对单一信条的普遍接受，但它却是必不可少的。17.Nearlythreequartersofacenturyago,walkingaloneintheTiergartenthroughmeltingsnowunderthecoldlyglitteringMarchsun,Ideterminedtowritetwoseriesofbooks;oneabstract,growinggraduallymoreconcrete;theotherconcrete,growinggraduallymoreabstract.大约75年前，在三月寒冷的阳光下，我独自走在冰雪消融的蒂尔加滕公园，并决定写两套丛书：抽象的那套逐渐变得更为具体；具体的那套逐渐变得更为抽象。18.Theyweretobecrownedbyasynthesis,combiningpuretheorywithapracticalsocialphilosophy.二者将用一种综合法来完成-即把纯理论与实用的社会哲学结合起来。19.Freedomhascometobethoughtweakness,andtolerancehasbeencompelledtowearthegarboftreachery.自由已被视为软弱，宽容已被迫穿上背叛的外衣。22.IsetoutwithamoreorlessreligiousbeliefinaPlatoniceternalworld,inwhichmathematicsshonewithabeautylikethatofthelastCantosoftheParadiso.我开始近乎虔诚地相信柏拉图的永恒世界，在这个永恒的世界里，数学就像《理想国》的最后诗篇一样灿烂美丽。23.Imayhaveconceivedtheoreticaltruthwrongly,butIwasnotwronginthinkingthatthereissuchathing,andt