英语阅读理解微技巧--细节理解题之解题策略课

英语阅读微技能---细节理解题之解题策略---南京九中吕若男2018.4.16阅读常见题型作者态度细节理解高考阅读考查细节理解题：2015年7题2016年10题2017年9题Spotthedifferences细节理解题测试学生对特定细节或重要事实的辨认能力类型划分1：•直接辨认型:获取信息---记住信息---回忆并对号入座如：WhichbuttonsdirectlycontrolthemovementoftheRocketBall?细节理解题类型划分1：•间接辨认型:获取信息---加工转换---得出正确释义同义（反义）转换、排序、图文转换、数字转换、细节理解题类型划分2：•集中型:就单个特定细节提问，答案位于单句和上下文处如：Asismentionedinthecard,thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat__________细节理解题类型划分2：•分散型:正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分散在文中多处•如：1.WhichofthefollowingisNotMentioned/True?2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat___.3.Allthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept____.细节理解题题型：1.文章细节题：what/who/when/where/how/why2.是非题：WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?3.图表数据题(计算)4.排序题5.其他题：1正误并存；半对半错“干扰项”面面观3无中生有；主观臆想4文不对题；答非所问5张冠李戴；偷换概念2以偏概全；过于夸大正误并存；半对半错TherobotBuddycanpatrolthehomewhentheresidentsarenothomeandcontactaperson’sphoneifitdetectsanintruderorfire.Manyoftherobotshavecamerasthatactaseyes.Forthoseconcernedaboutsomeonehackingintoarobottopeepintoahome,therearesafeguardstolookforwhenpurchasingone.“Whenthecameraisactivated,wewillshowitonthescreenandspecificlightssoyouknowthatsomeoneisusingyourcamera,”HasselvandersaidaboutBuddy.•Whatdoweknowabout“Buddy”?A.2018weilwitnessBuddygointodifferentfamilies.B.Buddyisequippedwithspecialeyestoprotectitself.C.Buddycansafeguardthehomeandsoundthefirealarm.D.Buddyhasanadvantageoverconventionalsmartproducts.Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.•WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.以偏概全；过于夸大以偏概全；过于夸大...Thesystemwouldn’tmeanhavingtokeepyourlightsonallthetimeeither,Haassays---bulbscouldbedimmedtosuchapointthattheyappearoff,butstilltransmit.ThesystemcaneasilynetworkanydevicewithanLEDlight—anelectrickettle,anoven.LEDstreetlightscouldevenbeusedtoformanetworkofoutdoorLi-Fi,makingitpossibletostayconnectedwhenwalkingaroundthecity.ButsomesoundacautiousnoteaboutVLC’sfuture.Itbecomeslesspowerful,forexample,whenlightisblocked,wheatherduetofogorotherconditions.•Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____A.Li-FicanworkwithLEDlightsoff..B.Li-FicanbeusedwithallhouseholdappliancesC.Li-Fican’tworkoutdoors.D.Li-Fineedsimprovingtomeetdiverseneed....Thescientistscomparedhowmuchpressurewasputonthewomen'skneesbybothtypesofshoes.Thewomenalsowalkedbarefoottotestnormalpressure.Thescientistsfoundthatbothtypesofshoesappliedequalamountsofpressuretotheknees.1.Welearnfromthepassagethatwomenchoosechunkyheelsbecause_____.A.theywanttowalkcomfortablyB.chunky（粗短高跟）heeledshoesarecheaperthanstiletto(细高跟)heeledpairsC.chunkyheelsdolessharmtokneesD.chunkyheelsarenotpainfulatall无中生有；主观臆想Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,”Kerrigansaid.“Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels,butjustashadforyourknees.”......Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels,andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunky（粗短）high-heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing.Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitivelyknowthathigh-heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth,saidDr.GlennPfeifer,aSanFranciscodoctor•Kerrigan‘slatestudylookedatthechunkyhigh-heeledshoesbecause_____.A.theyfeelmorecomfortableB.theyarerelatedtokneeosteoarthritisC.theyarewornbymanywomenD.theyaredifferentfromstilettoheels文不对题；答非所问Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,Kerrigansaid.Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstiletto（细高跟）heels,butjustashadforyourknees.“...Thewarden(狩猎监督官)setoutthreesteeltrapsthatnight.Inthemorningonewasempty.Theothertwohadbeenstolenbythebeavers(河狸)andusedtostrengthenthedam.Thewarden,cursingthestatelawagainsthuntingbeaverswithfirearms,gothistrapsbackandsetthemoutagainandagain.Andeverynightthebeaversstolethem.•Whatdidthelocalgamewardendo?A.Hemadesteeltrapstostrengthenthedam.B.Hesetouttohuntthebeaverswithfirearms.C.Helearnedalotabouttheconstructionofthedam.D.Heusedpetrol-soakedbagstodrivethebeaversaway.张冠李戴；偷换概念Treatmentcentreshavepoppeduparoundtheworld.In2006Amsterdam’sSmith&Jonesfacilityclaimstobe“thefirstand,currently,theonlyresidentialvideo-gametreatmentprogramintheworld”.InAmericatherestartInternetAddictionRecoveryProgramclaimstotreatinternetaddiction,gamingaddiction,andeven“textingaddiction”.InChina,meanwhile,military-style“bootcamps”arethepreferredwaytotreatinternetproblems.•Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheworld’seffortstofightInternetaddiction?B.Amsterdamoncestartedtheworld’sfirstvideo-gametreamentprogram.D.Military-stylecampsinChinaprovetobethebesttotreatInternetprobmlems.1正误并存；半对半错“干扰项”面面观3无中生有；主观臆想4文不对题；答非所问5张冠李戴；偷换概念2以偏概全；过于夸大细节理解题解题原则及步骤、方法：•原则：忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系，不能主观臆断•步骤和方法：Step1：题干中选定关键词（定位词）Step2：通过略读、查读锁定文中定位区域Step3:结合信息区域上下文理解、比对Step4:排除干扰项，筛选得出答案定位词通常是哪些词？1.人名、地名等专有名词；年份、数字等数词及题干中的大写名词2.指代具体事物或人物的名词3.词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等实词题干和正确选项的典型特点•替换关键词：把文中关键词转化替换成同/近义词，设置题干或正确选项。•词性或语态变化:把原文句中的词变换词性或语态，以制造理解障碍。•语言简化,长话短说：把原文中散杂语言现象进行提炼总结，成