考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析2

考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchassteeringtheeconomytoasoftlandingoratouchonthebrakes,makesitselfsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencethereisananalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavourableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica’s,havelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilisation,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment-theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffonthepast.Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.1.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.（A）thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates（B）economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels（C）theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected（D）economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?（A）Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar.（B）Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation.（C）Ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation.（D）Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy.3.ThesentenceThisisnoflashinthepan(line5,paragraph3)meansthat________.（A）thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime（B）theinflationratewillsoonrise（C）theinflationwilldisappearquickly（D）thereisnoinflationatpresent4.Thepassageshowsthattheauthoris________thepresentsituation.（A）criticalof（B）puzzledby（C）disappointedat（D）amazedat1.（C）意为：经济形势比预想的好。第三段指出，它（指：平均通货膨胀率）也比多数预测者预测的低。《经济学家》杂志每月调查的经济学家小组称：1995年美国平均通货膨胀率会达3.5％左右，但是，8月份它实际降至2.6％，全年也不过3％左右；在英国和日本，平均通货膨胀率比上年底预测的低0.5个百分点（或：半个百分点）。而且，在过去几年里一直是如此（thisisnoflashinthepan）：在英美两国，平均通货膨胀率一直比预测的要低。A意为：通货膨胀与利率有直接关系。第一段第二句明确指出：利率与通货膨胀间的关系是不确定的。B意为：经济（的运行）总是遵循某些模式（或：规律）。第一段指出，使经济软着陆使经济刹车，人们经常使用这样的词来形容货币政策的作用，听起来它似乎是一门严谨的学问。事实远非如此（Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.它根本就不是一门严谨精确的学问）。下文从持续低的通货膨胀率的意外的形势来说明了经济运行难以预测。D意为：经济学家们预测到了目前的经济形势。相反，正如第四段第一句所指出的，经济学家对目前有利的通货膨胀率始料未及。另请参阅上文分析。2.（B）意为：极低的失业率会导向通货膨胀。第四段指出，从传统的（衡量）标准来看，英美两国（特别是美国）的经济生产并没有滑坡（productiveslack），例如：美国的设备（能力）利用率（capacityutilisation）今年初达到历史最高水平，其失业率已低于多数正常失业率所允许的数字-过去认为：失业率低于正常失业率时通货膨胀率就开始上升（takeoff）。A意为：制定货币政策如同开车。根据第一段第四、五句，在政策的变化对经济起实际作用之前，会有很长而难以确定的（variable）时间差（lag意为：滞后性）。所以，许多人把货币政策实施过程比作驾驶一辆遮住挡风玻璃、后视镜已断裂、方向盘有毛病的汽车。换言之，他们认为，货币政策的制定和实施有很大程度的不可预测性或盲目性。可见，A表达的意思不确切。C意为：通货膨胀导致高失业率。注意，在这里，inflation一词前没有修饰词，际上，过低的失业率会导致通货膨胀率的上升。参阅上文分析。D意为：利率对经济有直接而迅速的影响。参阅上文分析。3.（A）aflashinthepan意为：昙花一现，偶然出现的情况。参阅第67题题解。（B）、（C）、（D）均不对。4.（D）意为：对……感到惊奇，认为……不可思议。本文主要评述了目前良好的经济形势，它是由持续低的通货膨胀率造成的，是始料未及的。作者强调了目前形势的始料不及的一面（尤其是第二、三、四段的描述）。A意为：批评。B意为：因……感到困惑（不解）。C意为：对……感到失望。Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean’swatermassasconsistingoflarge,slow-movingcurrents,suchastheGulfStream.Thatview,basedon100yearsofobservationsmadearoundtheglobe,producedonlyaroughapproximationofthetruecirculation.Butinthe1950’sandthe1960’s,researchersbegantoemploynewlydevelopedtechniquesandequipment,includingsubsurfacefloatsthatmovewithoceancurrentsandemitidentificationsignals,andoceancurrentmetersthatrecorddataformonthsatfixedlocationsintheocean.Theseinstrumentsdisclosedanunexpectedlevelofvariabilityinthedeepocean.Ratherthanbeingcharacterizedbysmooth,large-scalecurrentsthatchangeseasonally(ifatall),theseasaredominatedbywhatoceanographerscallmesoscalefields:fluctuating,energeticflowswhosevelocitycanreachtentimesthemeanvelocityofthemajorcurrents.Mesoscalephenomena—theoceanicanalogueofweathersystems—oftenextendtodistancesof100kilometersandpersistfor100days(weathersystemsgenerallyextendabout1,000kilometersandlast3to5daysinanygivenarea).Morethan90percentofthekineticenergyoftheentireoceanmaybeaccountedforbymesoscalevariabilityratherthanbylarge-scalecurrents.Mesoscalephenomenamay,infact,playasignificantroleinoceanicmixing,air-seainteractions,andoccasional—butfar-reachin