概要写作练习和-答案

1SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.A篇AreOpenOfficesGoodforUs?Fouryearsago,ChrisNageledidwhatmanyothertechnologyexecutiveshavedonebefore–movedhisteamintoanopenconceptoffice.Hisstaffhadbeenentirelyworkingfromhome,buthewantedeveryonetobetogether,toconnectandcooperatemoreeasily.Itquicklybecameclear,though,thatNagelehadmadeahugemistake.Everyonewasdistractedandproductivitysufferedandnineemployeeswereunhappy,nottomentionNagelehimself.Aboutthreeyearsaftermovingintotheopenoffice,Nagelemovedthecompanyintoa10,000-squarefootofficewhereeveryonenowhastheirownspace—completewithclosingdoors.Numerouscompanieshaveheldtheopenoffice—about70%ofUSofficesareopenconcept—andveryfewhavemovedbackintotraditionalspaceswithofficesanddoors.Butresearchthatwe’re15%lessproductive,wehavehugetroubleconcentratinginopenworkingspaces,hascontributedtoagrowingcriticismagainstopenoffices.Besidethecheapercost,onemainargumentfortheopenworkspaceisthatitincreasesteamwork.However,it’swelldocumentedthatwerarelybrainstormbrilliantideaswhenwe’rejustshootingthebreezeinacrowd.Instead,asmanyofusknow,we’remorelikelytohearabouttheChristmasgiftacolleagueisbuyingforafamilymember,orproblemswithyourdeskmate’sspouse.Forjobsthatrequirefocus,likewriting,advertising,financialplanningandcomputerprogramming,somecompaniesthataren’treadytoabandonopenplansareexperimentingwithquietandclosedspaces.Thetroublewiththat,issomeofusdon’tfeelcomfortableleavingtheteamtogooffonourown—itcanfeelasifwe’renotpullingourweightifwe’renotpresent.That’sparticularlytrueinhigh-pressureenvironments.Someofusevenfeelthatescapingtoaquietroomisasignofweakness.B篇Whenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?Whatshouldourattitudetobeggarsbe?Therecanbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblysadstories.Itmustbeterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealisgoingtocomefrom.Itseemscruelnottogivesomemoneytobeggars.Certainly,mostoftheworld'sgreatreligionsorderustobeopenheartedandsharewhatwehavewiththoselessfortunatethanourselves.Buthastheworldchanged?Maybewhatwasmorallyrightintheolddays,whenoneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea.Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars.Letuslookattheirarguments.2First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevil.Secondly,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.Thirdly,thereistheopinionthatthereisnorealexcuseforbegging.Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone’ssenseofprideandself-dependence.Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbedealtwithbythegovernmentratherthanordinarypeople.Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentandreceivehelp.Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakeawaythemoralgoodnessofthegiver.C篇Oneofthetoughestthingsaboutbeingahighschoolstudentisthatyouneverseemtogetenoughsleepatnight,whichoftenleavesyounoddingo任duringclasses.Spendingeitherlessthansixormorethanninehoursinsleepingputsyourhealthatrisk.Apopularsolutiontoalackofsleepatnightistotakeapowernap（小睡）duringtheday,butdoesthiswork?Generallyspeaking,itcanbebeneficial.Researchshowsthatanapintheday-evenabriefoneasshortastenminutes—canclearyourmindandleaveyouwithincreasedenergyandimprovedproductivity.Herearesomethingsyouneedtoknowtonapcorrectly.Tostartwith'everytimeyoudozeo圩（打瞌睡）duringthedaydoesnotcountasapowernap.Thebesttimetotakeapowernapisinthemid-afternoon,whenyourenergyleveltendstodecrease.Trytoavoidnapsafter4pm,forsleepingtoolateinthedaycanmakeithardertofallasleepatnight.Howlongshouldapowernapbe?Grabbing10-30minutesofrestisusuallybestforamiddle-of-the-daynap.Youarenotreallygettingestablishedsleepifyounod0行foronlyfiveminutes.However,nappingmorethan40minutescanleaveyoufeelingsleepierthanwhenyoustart,meaningYou'IIhavetogothroughthewholewaking-upprocessafteryougointothedeeperstageofsleep.However,asrefreshingasitmightbe,ifyouaregettingadequatesleepatnight,takingapowernapisn'tsuchawisechoice.Thereasonisthatsleepingduringthedaycaninterferewith(妨碍)yourbody'sbiorhythms（生理节奏）．Thebraingetsusedtogoingtobedatroughlythesametimeeachnightandgettingupatthesametimeeachday,andyoudon'twanttodisturbthisroutine.3概要写作参考答案【A篇答案】AreOpenOfficesGoodforUs?Para1-3:Thoughopenofficesismeanttoraisecooperation,employeesfeelithardtoconcentrate,thusreducingproductivity.(3分)Para4:Quietandclosedspacesarebetterchoicesforjobsdemandingconcentration,butsomehaveafeelingofdiscomfortorweaknesstoworkalone.(2分)【参考】Recently,aresearchsparkedheateddiscussionaboutopenoffices.Somearguethatthoughopenofficesismeanttoraisecooperation,employeesfeelithardtoconcentrate,thusreducingproductivity.Meanwhile,othersindicatethatquietandclos