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冠词一、冠词•冠词1.不定冠词:a/an2.定冠词:the3.零冠词:固定搭配(5类情况)4.冠词用法比较(3组)1、不定冠词•a用于以辅音音素,半元音/j/、/w/开头的单词•特殊:u开头的单词(useful、usual、USA、European、unique、uniform)•an用于以元音音素开头的单词(a,e,i,o,u/ʌ/)•特殊:honor、hour、honest发的第一个音是元音1、不定冠词用法1.不定冠词a和an的用法(1)a用在以辅音音素开始的名词前;an用在以元音音素开始的名词前。如:anappleabed(2)表示某类人或事物中的“一个”,但不强调数目概念,没有one强烈。如:Ihaveanewbag.(3)用于第一次提到的和泛指的单数可数名词前。如:Thereisabookonthedesk.Doyouhavearuler?(4)用于某些固定词组中如:haveagoodtimealotofhavealook2、定冠词用法the1.特指某些人或物:e.g.:Thebookishelpful.2.指前面提到过的人或物:e.g.:Isawabookonthedesk.Thebookishers.3.宇宙中独一无二的东西:e.g.:Thesunisverybig.4.用于形容词最高级前:e.g.:Thisappleisthebiggestinthebasket.5.用于序数词前:e.g.:Lilygotthefirstprizeinthecontest.2、定冠词用法6.用于江、河、海洋、山脉等名词前:长江,黄河……7.由普通名词构成的专有名词前:e.g.:thePeople’sRepublicofChinatheGreatWall8.用于姓前,表示(一家人),动词用复数形式e.g.:TheSmithsareathome.9.用于乐器名词前:e.g.:playthepiano2、定冠词用法10.the+形容词,表示一类人e.g.:Theyoungareveryhappy.11.the+比较级……,the+比较级……结构e.g.:Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.12.固定搭配:P463、零冠词1、交通工具,通讯工具前bybus/train/plane/subway/bike/ship2、一日三餐前havebreakfast/lunch/dinner3、日期、月份、季节、节日前onMonday4、称呼或表头衔的名词前Mum,whereismyhat?AuntZhang.5、棋类、球类运动的名词前playbasketball/chess6、某些习惯用语前e.g.:gotobed,gotoschool,gototown,athome8.国名、地名、人名等专有名词前不用冠词eg:inZhuzhouinChina7.名词前已有做定语用的代词时,不再用冠词。e.g:Thisismybag.Thoseareyourbooks.4、冠词用法比较Inhospital住院Inthehospital在医院里(看病,探病,工作)Inbed卧病在床Inthebed坐在床上(看书,看电影)Attable吃饭Atthetable在桌边(写字,玩游戏)Exercise:选择题1.Thereisrulerinpencilbox.Pencil-boxisPingPing’s.A.a;the;TheB.the,the,TheC.a;the;A2.boysaretwins.Theylooksame.A./;/B.The;ACThe;the3.WangPingisn’tChineseboy.HeisEnglishboy.A.a;anB.an;anC.an;a4.Shehasgot_____longhairandbigeyes..A.a,twoB.the,theC./,/5.Look!catiseatingfish.A.aB.TheC.anACACB6.ballunderthedeskismine.A./B.TheC.A7.Letmehavelook.A.aB./C.the8.Look,moonisround.A.aB./C.the9.llikesummerbetterthanwinter.A./;theB./;/Cthe;/10.Whenisyourbirthday?It’s14thofAugust.A.aB.theC./BACBB冠词——练练练请填入适当的冠词1.Ihad____lunchwith____friendofmine.2.---WhereisMom?---She’staking___walkin___garden.3.Mikeisgoingto___schooltomorrowfor___firsttime.4.Thisis___shortestwayto___ScienceMuseum.5.Thereis___“L”and___“n”intheword“long”.6.___English-Chinesedictionaryis___usefultool./aathethethethetheananana数词概念数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词,分基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词,如:one,ten,fifteen等;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词,如:fifth,second,twelfth等。。一.基数词的构成1)1-12,独立成词。onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2)13--19,由3-9+teen构成。14–fourteen16--sixteen17--seventeen19—nineteen特殊拼写:13–thirteen15--fifteen18—eighteen3)20-90,以-ty结尾。20—twenty30—thirty40—forty50—fifty80—eighty60—sixty70—seventy90—ninety4)21-99,两位数,十位与个位之间有“-”。21twenty-one55fifty-five99ninety-nine5)101—999,三位数,百位与十位/个位之间加and。101onehundredandone840eighthundredandforty693sixhundredandninety-three英语中常用的基数词有:1000→one(a)thousand,10000→tenthousand,100000→onehundredthousand,1000000→onemillion,10000000→tenmillion,100000000→onehundredmillion,108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,500→fivehundred,1001→onethousandandone,1813→onethousandeighthundredandthirteen.29,43150076,,thousandhundredmillionbillionand6)1,000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“,”分开,分别读为thousand,million,billion,注意:这几个词不能用复数形式,后也不能加and。7)表示具体、准确的数目时,hundred,thousand,million等数词后不能加-s,如fivehundred,sixthousand,sevenmillion8)当hundred,thousand等数词与of连用,表示不具体、不准确的数目时,词尾须加-s。如:thousandsofstudents,millionsoftrees.2、“基数词+名词”的合成形容词作定语,中间有连字符“-”,当中的名词用单数。a3–year–oldgirlaseven-dayholiday注:这种结构中名词不能用复数,同时只能作定语。用作表语时,不用连字符,名词有复数。如:Tonyis10yearsoldthisyear.Tonyisa10-year-oldboy.3、表计量--“基数词+度量单位+形容词”Theclassroomis7meterslong,6meterswideand3metershigh.4、表示时刻(介词用at)1)顺读法----先时后分,“几点几分”9:30ninethirty6:21sixtwenty-one3)15分钟:aquarter30分钟:ahalf9:15aquarterpastnine12:30halfpasttwelve2)逆读法----先分后时表示“几点过几分”,半小时以内,介词用past分钟数+past+钟点数10:10tenpastten8:20twentypasteight表示“几点差几分”,半小时以上,介词用to60减原分钟+to+(下一个)钟点数9:50tentoten7:40twentytoeight三、序数词的构成1)1-3,first,second,third。2)4-19,相应基数词+th,特殊拼写:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。3)20-90,y变成ie+th,如twentieth。4)21-99,只把个位的基数词变成序数词如twenty-first。5)序数词缩写—数字+最后两字母如1st,2nd,3rd,4th…基变序,有规律,一、二、三,特殊记,面目全非要注意,加th从4起,八少“t”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,(five,twelve)见“y”变成“i”和“e”,词尾加上“th”,(twenty,thirty,……ninety)若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。序数词缩写记清楚,数字后跟两字母。(序数词构成规律)(1)序数词作定语,前面要加the;Thefirsttruckiscarryingafoodbasket.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.SheismyfirstEnglishteacher.(2)有时加a/an,“再一”,“又一”的意思We‘llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?WhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak.Theyhadasecondchildin1988四、序数词的用法五、数词的用法1、编号表示法编号在前,名词在后,用序数词,前面有the编号在后,名词在前,用基数词,注意首字母大写房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读TheFirstLesson(在句子中不大写)LessonOnethethirty-secondpagePage32/PageThirty-twoRoom305BusNo.42第一课第32页第305房间第42路公共汽车1999nineteenninety-nine2008twothousandandeight1949年10月1日读作:October(the)first,nineteenforty-nine(月-日,年)thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine(日-月,年)写作:October1st,1999(日用缩写,月-日-年)October1,1999(日用数字)1stOctober,1999日-月,年3.年份、日期、时刻表达法年用基数词表示,两位一读,介词用in日用序数词表示,介词用on表示“在…世纪”,用序数词。在20世纪写作:in20thcentury读作:inthetwentiethcentury
本文标题:冠词和数词
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