2018年12月四级真题(一)解析

2018-12月真题解析PartIWriting(30minutes)TheChallengesofLivinginaBigCity【1】Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandurbanization,thenumberofcitiesisconstantlyincreasinginChina.【2】Whilebigcitiesareattractingmoreandmorepeople,theyalsobringmanychallenges,suchastrafficjamandpollution,justtonameafew.【3】Thefirstproblemthatreallybothersmeisthetrafficcongestionintherushhour.Ihatewaitingforbusesandbeinglate.Therefore,IhavetogetupveryearlyifIhaveanappointmentinthemorning.【4】Nextisthatthelargepopulationinabigcitymakesit【5】socrowdedthatyoucan'tfindapeacefulplaceunlessstayingathome.Thesupermarketsarealwayscrowded,soarethecinemasandparks.parks.【6】Anotherconsequenceforsuchalargepopulationisthatitintensifiestheinadequacyofqualitymedicalandeducationalresources,thusdecreasingresidents'senseofhappiness.【7】Asaresult,althoughIamfrequentlyaskedwhetherIliketoliveinabigcityornot,myanswerisalwaysno,definitelynot,Howaboutyou?话题词汇:unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会fastpace快节奏pressure压力lifestyle生活方式environment环境urban城市的health健康PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA【词性分析】:名词:A)ability能力;才能;E)control控制;管制;F)damage伤害;损害;M)sources来源;根源;O)vehicles交通工具,车辆动词:B)associated与…相关;联系;E)control管理;控制;克制;F)damage损害;对……有不良影响G)described描绘,描述;Hequals相当于;比得上;)innovated创新,革新;L)relates相联系;把…系起来;M)sources来自……;找出…的来源;N)undermine逐渐削弱形容词:D)constant持续不断的;始终如一的副词:C)consciously有意识地,自觉地;1)exclusively仅仅,唯独;K)regularly经常;定期地Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26-damageoccurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27-associatedwithairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.1.diev.死亡，熄灭;凋零n.骰子2.trillion[ˈtrɪljən]n.万亿;兆adj.万亿的3.welfare[ˈwelfeə(r)]n.福利;幸福;繁荣;安宁4.alone[əˈləʊn]adj.单独的;独一无二的;独自的adv.单独地;独自地;孤独地;只，只有;Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28-sourceslikehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29-constantoverthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.5.source[sɔrs]n.根源，本源;源头，水源;原因v.来源;起源;寻求来源6.remain[rɪˈmen]n.剩余物，残骸;残余;遗迹;遗体v.留下;保持;依然;搁置;剩余，剩下;逗留7.constant[ˈkɒnstənt]adj.不断的，持续的;永恒的，始终如一的;坚定;忠实的n.常量;不变的事物2018-12月真题解析TheweatherisaconstanttopicofconversationinBritain.在英国，天气是交谈中永恒的话题。8.despite[dɪˈspaɪt]prep.不管;尽管（自己）不愿意;不在乎;n.侮辱;憎恨;怨恨;轻蔑的拒绝或不承认例句：Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluation（健康指标与评估研究所所长）ChrisMurray30-describeditasan“urgentcalltoaction”action.Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31-control,”hesaid.9.institute[ˈɪnstɪtju:t]vt.建立;制定;开始;着手n.协会;学会;学院;（教育、专业等）机构例句：Hethoughtoftryingforapositioninaresearchinstitute.他想方设法在一个研究机关找个工作.10.metric[ˈmetrɪk]adj.米制的，公制的healthmetrics健康指标11.evaluate[ɪˈvæljueɪt]v.评价，估价12.urgent[ˈɜ:dʒənt]adj.急迫的;催促的;强求的;极力主张的例句：Thereisanurgentneedforfoodandwater13.premature[ˈpremətʃə(r)]adj.过早的;提前的;早产的;草率的Afirecausedtheprematureclosingoftheexhibition.火灾迫使展览会提前结束.abortionTheeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32-equalsnearly,1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33-regularlyexpensivedangerousleversofoutdoorairpollution.14.labor['leɪbə(r)]n.劳动;劳工;v.努力争取(for);苦干adj.劳工的，工会的Buttheproblemisnotlimited34-exlcusivelytothethedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel([ˈdi:zl]柴油)35-vehicleshavebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.petrol[ˈpetrəl]=gasoline[ˈgæsəli:n]splashpetrolFood-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress食物即药物运动正在取得进展A)Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaisles(aisle[aɪl]n.过道，通道;侧廊)ofRalphsmarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau(丹尼尔·那多),wandering(wander[ˈwɒndə(r)]vt.漫步,游荡,闲逛;（道路或河流）蜿蜒曲折;（人的思想等）走神，胡思乱想)thecereal([ˈsɪəriəl]n.谷物;荞麦食品adj.谷物的)aislewithAllisonScott（艾莉森·斯科特）,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistently(adv.坚持地;固执地)avoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare;youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”B)Scottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysician([fɪˈzɪʃn]n.医生，内科医生)whoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter(玛丽&迪克·艾伦糖尿病中心),partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance([əˈlaɪəns]n.（国家、政党等的）结盟，同盟)（圣约瑟夫·霍格健康联盟）.Thecenter's‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfor(注册，报名参加)theservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.C)Nadeaunoticesthepre-made(预先配制,现成的)macaroni([ˌmækəˈrəʊni]通心粉)-and-cheeseboxesinScott'sshoppingcart([kɑ:t]手推车)andsuggestssheswitchtowholegrain(谷物，粮食)macaroniandrealcheese.“SoI'dhavetomakeit?“sheasks,herenthusiasmfading[feɪd]v.(褪去，失去光泽;逐渐消逝)atthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,ju