HND国际贸易融资

SaleagreementbetweenbuyerandsellerBuyerSellerContractorAgreementTwoimportanttermsofsalesagreement★Seller’sundertakingtoprovidethegoodstobuyer★Buyer’sundertakingtopaythepriceinreturnAlltheotheragreementsandprocedurescommonlyusedinInt’ltraderesultfromtheperformanceofthisTheSalesAgreement★Othercontractsinvolvedintheinternationaltrade◆acarriagecontractwithcarriertotransportgoodsfromseller’scountrytobuyer’scountryBuyerSellerCarrierContinuedtoarrangeshipmentContinuedThebuyerarrangespaymentthroughbankBuyerArrangepaymentthroughitsBankTransfermoneyorforeignexchangetoSeller’sBankPaytoSellerThebuyerarrangepaymentofforeignexchangethroughbankingsystemtosellerFormofexportcontract★Contractofthiskindisconcludedonthebasisofaninformalexchangeofmessage,e.g.-telephoneconversation-fax-e-mail-letters,etc.★Often,exportersendsimporteraproformainvoiceindicatingdetailsofthegoodsandunitpricesbeforetheconclusionContractofSale★Thebuyerandsellermustagreeonthegoodstobesoldandthepricetobepaidand◆whichcourtorarbitrationsystemhasjurisdictiontohearanyclaimsintheeventofadispute◆howthegoodsaretobedelivered◆themethodofpayment◆thetimeperiodfordeliveryLawandDispute★Applyingthelawofthecountrymostcloselyconnectedwiththecontract★Tradetermapplicabletocontractindicates★thereisnointernationallawoftrade-thepointwhererisktransfersfromsellertobuyer-thepointwherechargestransferfromsellertobuyer-thepointwhereresponsibilityoforganizingtransportationtransfersfromsellertobuyer★ThemostcommonmethodofcoveringmostofthesetermsisbyIncorporatingInternationalcommercialterms(INCOTERMS)ortradeterms.★Tradetermsarethecontractclausesthatspecify:-whoisresponsiblefororganizingtransport?SellerOrBuyercarrierOnlythosewithtransportingvehiclecouldbenamed“carrier”-whoistoinsurethegoodsintransit?SellerGotobuytransportinsuranceatInsurancecompanyorBuyerGenerallyspeaking,thepartywithlowerinsurancepricewouldtakeoverthework.-whobearstheriskoflossordamagetogoods?Crash!Whoshouldgotoinsurancecompanytoclaimforthedamage?SellerorBuyerclaimInsurancecompanyclaimSo,weneedapointofplaceforrisktransfer.Itmaybe;Seller’spremisesPortofloadingTherailofshipatportofloadingOndeckofshipatportofdischargeAtthefrontoftwocountriesetc.Thispointistheboundaryofduty.Ifgoodsaredamagedonseller’sside,sellerisresponsibleforclaiminglossatinsurancecompany.Ifitisonbuyer’sside,itisbuyer’sdutytodoso.Whereistheplaceatwhichsellerhandsgoodsovertobuyer?BuyertakeupgoodsatSeller’spremisesBuyertakeupgoodsatPortofloadingBuyertakeupgoodsontheshipofportofloadingBuyertakeupgoodsontheshipofportofdischargeetc.Howisthetransportationcostsharedbetweensellerandbuyer?SellerisinchargeofdeliveringthegoodsOndeckofshipatportofloadingSellerisinchargeofdeliveringthegoodsBuyer’spremisesSellerpaysforloadingtruck,carriagefeetotoportofloading,exportclearance,harborchargesandloadinggoodsontoship.Sellerpaysforallthechargesincurredinthedelivery,includingcarriagefeeswithinexportingcountry,harborandcustomsclearancechargesofbothimportingandexportingcountry,loadingandunloadingcharges,insurancepremiumandcarriagefeeswithinbuyer’scountry,etc.SellerisinchargeofdeliveringthegoodstothefrontoftwocountriesSellerisinchargeofdeliveringthegoodsOndeckofshipatportofdischargeSeller’sdeliverycostincludescarryinggoodstothefrontofthecountry,customsclearanceinexportingcountryandinsurancewithinexportingcountry,etc.Seller’sdeliverycostincludestransportinggoodstoimportingcountry(excludingunloadingcost),insuranceconcernedandcustomsclearanceinexportingcountry,etc.Thosenotmentionedshouldbebornebybuyer.Let’ssummarize.TheINCOTERMSmakesstipulationsonthefollowings:1.Thepointofplaceatwhichchargestransferfromsellertobuyer.2.Thepointofplaceatwhichrisktransferfromsellertobuyer.3.Thepointofplaceatwhichsellerdelivergoodstobuyerandbuyerorganizestransportationfornextpartofjourney.Theyareconcerningwithdeliveryofgoodsfromsellertobuyer.INCOTERMStellsusaboutthem.INCOTERMSThreelettersabbreviationsimplifiesnegotiationprocesssameunderstandingofthecontentsIncotermspublishedbyICCismostauthoritative,thestandardexplanationGiveslegaleffecttoIncotermsbyIncorporatingtheminsalesagreementShouldrefertothefulleffectofIncoterms1990or2000,ICCPublicationTherearecurrently13Incotermsinuseandtheyarecategorisedinfourgroups,designatedbythefirstletteroftheterm(acronym),asfollows:GroupE-DepartureGroupF-MainCarriageNotPaidBySellerGroupC-MainCarriagePaidBySellerGroupD-ArrivalGroupE-DepartureUnderEXWtheSellerminimizestheriskbyonlymakingthegoodsavailableathisownpremises.EXW–ExWorks(...namedplace)EXWrepresentsseller’sminimuminvolvementandthemaximuminvolvementofthebuyerinthearrangementofthetransportationofthegoodsfromseller’spremises(factory,warehouseetc.)Table1.ObligationsundertheEXWterm(B=Buyer)BMaincarriage/freightBLoadingtothemaincarrierandportchargesBPaymentofcustomschargesandtaxesinChinaBExportcustomsclearanceBInlandfreightinChina;deliverytothecarrierorfrontierBCargo(marine)insuranceSuppose,ChinaisexporterBOthercostsandrisksinBuyer'scountryBInlandfreightinBuyer'scountryBPaymentofcustomsdutiesandtaxesinBuyer'scountryBCus