国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪1Gerneral_int

SEIBOFGDUFS1国际贸易实务（英文版）周瑞琪王小鸥徐月芳编著对外经济贸易大学出版社INTERNATIONALTRADEPRACTICEByZhouRuiqiWangXiaoouXuyuefangofSchoolofEnglishforInternationalBusinessGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiesChapterOneGeneralIntroductionSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectivesAfterlearningthischapter,youshouldbeabletodefinewhatismeantbyinternationaltradeexplainthereasonsforengagingininternationaltradeidentifythebenefitsofinternationaltradetellthedifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationaltradeunderstandthemajorprocedureinvolvedininternationaltraderealizetheimportanceofcontractSEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinternationaltradeInternationaltrade/worldtrade/foreigntrade/overseastradeThefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.ConcerningtradeoperationsofbothimportandexportIncludingthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.SEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforinternationaltradeResourcereasonsNaturalresourcesHumanresourcesTechnologyEconomicreasonsBenefitsComparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo)EconomiesofscaleOtherreasonsPoliticalreasonsDifferenttasteandpreferenceSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesfromdomestictradeInternationaltradeinvolvesforeignlanguagesanddifferentculturesforeignlaws,customsandregulationsorinternationalrulesforeigncurrencieshigherrisks:Politicalrisks,Commercialrisks,Financialrisks,andTransportationrisksmorecomplexbusinessproceduresbroaderrangeofmanagementskillsSEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthedirectionofcargoflowExporttradedomesticmarket→internationalmarketforsaleImporttradeforeigncountries→domesticmarketforsaleTransittradeproducingcountries→viaathirdcountry→consumingcountrySEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeTypesoftransittradeDirecttransittrade•Commoditiesfurthertransportedtowardoutsidealongthedomestictransportationlinewithoutbeingplacedinthebondedwarehouse•3rdcountryearnsprofitbyimposingimp.andexp.dutiesIndirecttransittrade•Commoditiesfirstplacedinthebondedwarehousebeforebeingtransportedfurtherwithoutanyprocessing•3rdcountryearnswarehousingcharges+imp.andexp.dutiesSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthenumberofparticipantsinvolvedDirecttradeTwopartiesinvolved:theimporterandtheexporterIndirecttradeThreepartiesinvolved:theexporter,theimporterandtheintermediatepartyEntrepôttradeOnepartyinvolved:whoistheimporter,theprocessorandalsotheexporterSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromtheformofthegoodsVisibletrade/tangiblegoodstradeMostlyconsuminggoods:cars,wines,shoesetc.NeedscustomsdeclarationInvisibletrade/intangiblegoodstradeservicesandtechnologyNeedsnocustomsdeclarationSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromsettlementinstrumentinvolvedBartertradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithoutaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyTheoldestfromoftradeFree-liquidationtradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyCashtradeisoneformofitSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFrommodeoftransportationTradebyRoadwayTradebySeawayTradebyAirwayTradebyMailOrderSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandimportproceduresThepreparationofatransactionThenegotiationofthecontractTheperformanceofthecontractThesettlementofdisputesSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionSelectingtherightmarketRelevantinformationofthemarketCulturalbackgroundandeconomicsituationsPoliticalclimateCurrentimportandexportstatisticsGovernmentpolicyoninternationaltradesuchastradebarriersandrestrictionsSourcesofinformationDomesticorganizations:MinistryofCommerceanditsprovincialcommitteesOverseasorganizations:ChineseEmbassy,theLocalbanks,theagentandthelocalnewspaper/journalarticlesSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionFindingthepotentialpartnerSourcesofinformationReferenceprovidedbytheforeignpartnersThenearestconsulateofficeInternationalorlocalchamberofcommerceConsultingfirmsForeignexchangebanksTradedirectoriesandpublicationsSEIBOFGDUFS171.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionStudyingcreditabilityofthepartnerCreditreferencefromthelocalbankorcorrespondentbankbusinessrangeandannualsalesvolumesalesliteratureandpricelistsmajorcustomersbusinesscultureSEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionApplyingforExportorImportLicenseCheckingwhetherthegoodstobetransactedarewithincertainexportorimportcontrolssuchaslicenseorquotaIfunabletoapplyorgettheimportandexportlicensesTheexporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderEXWtermTheimporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderDDPtermSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractTwoformsofbusinessnegotiationinwords,i.e.face-to-facenegotiationinwriting,i.e.businesscorrespondenceFourmainstepsinvolved:Enquiry:askingforpricebyeithersellerorbuyerOffer:ananswertoenquiryorinitiatedbyeithersellerorbuyerbindingforceupontheoffererwithinthevaliditycounter-offer:addition,modificationorrefusaloftheofferAcceptance:theunconditionalacceptanceoftheofferAcontractisconcludedwhenanacceptancebecomeseffectiveSEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractDefinition:Atradecontractisanagree