定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别

定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词一1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.which/that______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。可以归到第一条Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChinawasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.whichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.whichthat定语从句中关系副词的使用二1.定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when作时间状语；where作地点状语；why作原因状语。如：Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作时间状语，意为onthedaywhere作地点状语，意为intheplacewhy作原因状语，意为forthereason3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。如：Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.比较:Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.Thisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim.关系副词where（1）Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedlastyear.（2）Thisisthefactory_______Iworkedlastyear.（3）Thisisthefactory_______producesallkindsofTVsets.A.whereB.whichC.whomD.whose（1）和（3）选B.which。（2）选A.where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；（1）中是动宾关系，即Ivisitedthefactory，因此选which。（2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此选where。（3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。They’llneverforgetJuly1_____HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays______weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.when=onwhichwhen=onwhich关系副词when试比较：Doyoustillremembertheday___________wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?(which/that)whenwhen（4）Iwillneverforgettheday_______wespenttogether.（5）Iwillneverforgettheday___weworkedtogether.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what（4）选A.which。（5）选B.whenwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.关系副词why•关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at/during…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which总结介词的位置三•介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。•eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.•2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.•3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.•4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.关系代词的省略（口语中）四介词后置时，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?五Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。找准定语从句的先行词六定语从句必须有先行词，否则就不是定语从句。误：Isthisfarmwevisitedlastweek?该句中定语从句就缺少先行词，将句子还原为陈述句：Thisfarmis________wevisitedlastweek.显然应加上theone作先行词。正：Isthisfarmtheonewevisitedlastweek?当然，这句话改为下面这种形式也是正确的：Isthisthefarmwevisitedlastweek?（6）Isthislibrary________youoftenreadin?（7）Isthisthelibrary_______youoftenreadin?A.theoneB.inwhichC.whereD.which（6）选A.theone。（7）选D.which。做这种题时，应该先把原句子变为陈述句：（6）为：Thislibraryis_________youoftenreadin.此句缺先行词，需要加上，因此选A.theone。（7）为：Thisisthelibrary_______youoftenreadin.此题关系词作readin的宾语，故选D.which。（8）Thisisthereason________hewasabsent.（9）Thisisthereason_______canexplainhisabsence.A.whichB.whyC.whenD.inwhich（8）选B.why，相当于forwhich，作原因状语。（9）选A.which，在定语从句中作主语。介词的选用原则七preposition+relativepronouns1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.Thepen_________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas___________wecannotliveiscalledoxygenTheperson