2016年中考英语解题策略-阅读理解

1阅读理解阅读理解是中考测试的重要内容。主要考查学生生理解、辨别、推理的能力。近几年，中考阅读理解的选材注重了材料的真实性，具有时代特征，与现实生活的联系性越来越强。语篇选择比较注重思想性和趣味性，注重对学生心灵的塑造。常见的考查形式有三种：选择性阅读，判断正误型阅读和任务型阅读，其中任务型阅读又分为填空型，回答问题型，匹配阅读型等。【题型特点】阅读理解题是对学生有着较高的能力要求的一种题型，主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力。试题涉及对掌握语篇主旨、事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力的考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面:1.直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。2.常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型。3.理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。4.推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。题型1(昆明中考)选择型阅读理解Acitywithoutcarswouldbeverystrange，right?ButVeniceissuchacity.VeniceisinthenortheastofItaly.Itwasn'tbuiltonland，likeBeijingorShanghai，butonmorethan110islands.Seawateriseverywherearoundthecity.Evenso，travelisn'tdifficult.Thewaterwayshavealwaysbeenthebestwaytogetaround.Thereare117waterwaysandmorethan400bridgesthatcanguideyouwhereyouwanttogo.PeopleinVenicemovefromplacetoplacebyboat.VenicegrewoutofsmallislandsinsaltwaterlakeswhensomeItaliansescapedfromawarover1,500yearsago，andbuilthomesthere.Watermakesthecityspecial.butitisalsoabigproblem.Sometimestouristswillhavesuchstrangeexperiences.OnemomenttheywalkacrosstheRialtoBridge，andthere'snothingspecial.Butwhentheycomebacktothebridgeanhourlater,it'sunderwaterandeveryoneiswearingrainshoes.Once，peopleusedtoomuchundergroundwater.Thismadethecitygetlowerlittlebylittle.Nowthecityhasgonedownby23centimeters.Anotherproblemistherisingseawater.Thetemperaturehasrisenovertheyears.ThishasmadetheiceoftheArcticOcean（北冰洋)melt(融化).Everyyear,highwatershitthecityinautumnandwinter.Whenalotofwatercomes，morethanhalfofthecityisunderwater.Scientistsaretryingdifferentwaystostopthecityfromgettingevenlower.TheItaliangovernmenthasaskedsomeofItaly'sbiggestcompaniestobuildtheMOSTproject,whichwasplannedtobebuildundertheseawatertostoptherisingwater.Anyway,thisprojectishelpingsolvetheproblem.1.Accordingtothepassage，Veniceisacity____ofItaly.A.inthenortheastB.inthewestC.inthesouthwestD.inthesouth、2._____havealwaysbeenthebestwaytogohereandthereinthecity.A.TaxisandcatsB.ThewaterwaysC.400bridgesD.Boatsandrain2shoes3.Venice_____smallislandsinsaltwaterlakesmorethan1500yearsago.A.changeintoB.usedtobeC.becameD.developedfrom4.WhichisNOTthereasonwhythecitygetslowerandlower?A.ThehighertemperatureB.OverusedundergroundwaterC.ToomanywaterwaysD.Therisingseawater5.Thepassageismainlyabout_______Venice.【题技巧】本文是一篇说明文，文中介绍了旅游城市威尼斯。威尼斯处在意大利的东北，是1500年前意大利人因躲进战乱而建立起来的，它不是建立在陆地上，而是建立在110多个小岛上，城市里的交通主要旅乘船或者是桥。1.A细节理解题。由文中第一段的第一句VeniceisinthenortheastofItaly.”可知答案。2.B细节理解题。由第二段第二句“Thewaterwayshavealwaysbeenthebestwaytogetaround”可知答案。3.D细节理解题。由文中的“VenicegrewoutofsmallislandsinsaltwaterlakeswhensomeItaliansescapedfromawar1500yearsago.andbuilthomesthere.4.C细节理解题。根据文中的信息peopleusedtoomuchundergroundwater.Anotherproblemistherisingseawater,thetemperaturehasrisenovertheyears可知答案。5.C主旨大意题。本文前半部分介绍了威尼斯的特色:出行靠船或桥;后半部分介绍了威尼斯面临的问题:位置越来越低。因此答案选C。题型2(泉州中考)判断正误型阅读理解Thereareabout5,000differentkindsofladybugsintheworld.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolors.Theirbrightcolorswarnotheranimalsorinsectsnottoeatthem.Ladybugstastebad.Abirdorafrogthateatsaladybugwillrememberthebrightcolorsanditwillnoteatanotherladybugwiththesamecolorsagain.Whenladybugsareindanger,theywillgiveoutafluid(液体)thattastesterrible.Inmanycultures，theladybugisconsideredtobeasymbolofgoodluck.Mostladybugsarekindtohumans.Theyeatotherinsectswhichdestroycrops.Oneladybugcaneatupto5,000insectsinitslifetime.Ladybugshavesixshortlegs.Theyliveinmanydifferentplaces，includinggreenlands，forests，cities,thecountrysideandalongrivers.Differentladybugshavedifferentspots(点).Someofthemdon'thavespotsatall.ThemostcommonkindinNorthAmericaisthe7-spottedladybug.The7-spottedladybugsarethemostactivefromspringtoautumn.Whentheweatherturnscold，theylookforawarmplacetosleep,suchasunderstonesorinhouses.根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂(A)，错的涂(B)1.Ladybugscangiveoutaterriblefluidtoprotectthemselves.2.Inmanyculturesladybugsarebelievedtobringgoodluck.3.Mostoftheladybugsareharmfultocrops.4.Ladybugsliveinmanyplacesexceptcities.5.Winteristhebesttimefor7-spottedladybugstogooutforfood.3【解题技巧】本文是说明文，主要介绍了抓虫的生活习性和生理特点。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Whenladybugsareindanger,theywillgiveoutafluid(液体)thattastesterrible.”可知:甄虫散发出难闻的液体是为了保护自己，本句正确。2.‘A细节理解题。根据第二段中的Inmanycultures,theladybugisconsideredtobeasymbolofgoodluck.’可知本句正确。3.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mostladybugsarekindtohumans.Theyeatotherinsectswhichdestroycrops.“可知本句错误-4.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的Theyliveinmanydifferentplaces,includinggreenlands，forests，cities,thecountrysideandalongrivers.”可知包括城市.故本句错误。5.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的‘Whentheweatherturnscold,theylookforawarmplacetosleep,suchasunderstonesorinhouses.’可知，冬天它们去睡觉，而不是出去寻找食物，故本句错误。题型3(十堰中考)任务型阅读理解AndywasstilltravelinginSpainwhenherealizedhehadtoconfirm(确认)his____1_____homewiththeairlinecompany.HewasvisitingSpaininordertoimprovehisSpanish.Whenhewasspeakingtopeoplefacetoface,hehadnodifficultyunderstandingwhattheysaid.However,whenhewasspeakingonthephone,hestillhadaproblem.Andycalledtheairline.Andtheclerkconfirmedthathisplanewasleavingatnineo'clockthreedaysfromthatday.ShealsotoldAndytobeattheairporttwohoursearlierinordertocheckin