英国文学-John-Milton-&his-Paradise-Lost

JohnMilton&hisParadiseLostSchoolofForeignStudies,SCNU2005.12.22OverviewEpicPoetryasaClassicLiteraryFormJohnMiltonBiographyBackgroundofPoemCharactersJohnMilton(1608-1674)(1608–1674),Englishpoet,b.London,oneofthegreatestpoetsoftheEnglishlanguage.JohnMilton´sTimes1642-1649:EnglishCivilWarKing/AnglicanClergyvs.Parliament(dominatedbyPuritans)ProtestantRevolution(DeathofKingCharlesI)1649-1660:NoBritishKing1649-1653:Commonwealth1653-1658:ProtectorateofOliverCromwell1660:Restoration(ofKingCharlesII)HisearlylifeandeducationBornonDecember9,1608,inLondon.EducatedatSt.Paul'sSchool,Londonin1616.In1625,MiltonenteredCambridgeUniversity.BachelorofArtsdegreeinMarch1629andMasterofArtsinJuly1632.Aftergraduation,hespentsixyearsathisfather’scountryhomeonsolitarystudy.hestartedhistravelontheContinentin1538.HisrevolutionarycareerPamphleteeringinthecauseofreligiousandcivillibertyin1641-60.AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwell’sCouncilofStatein1649.CensorandeditoroftheCommonwealthpaper,MercuriusPoliticuin1651.LatinDefenseofthePeopleofEngland.Totallyblindin1652andimprisonedforashorttimeaftertherestorationandthenretiredtoprivatelife.HismarriageandlaterlifeMarriedMaryPowellinJune1642.Shediedin1652.Apamphlet:“DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorcein1643”.Secondwife,CatherineWoodcock,in1652.Thirdwife,ElizabethMinshell,in1663.ParadiseLostwasfinishedin1665;In1671appearedParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes.Miltondiedpeacefullyin1674.Milton’sliterarycareer1625-1640:shortpoems:L’AllegroandIlPenseroso(1632),Comus(1634,宴会欢乐之神),andLycidas(1638)1640-1660:pamphletsandtracts:Areopagitica(1644《论出版自由》);TheDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650);The2ndDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650).1660-1674:ParadiseLost(1667),ParadiseRegained(1671),andSamsonAgonistes(1671).Milton’sEarlyWorksL’Allegro:apictureofajoyfulyouthleadingalifeofphysicaldelights.IlPenseroso:scenesofpeacefulquietudeandleisurelycontemplationandtoastudiouslifeofabsorptionintragedy,epicpoetryandmusic.Comus:AMasqueTheme:contrastingaprivateheroisminchastityandvirtuewiththecourtlyroundofrevelryandpleasure.AvirtuousLadybecomesseparatedfromherbrotherswhiletravelinginthewoods.Comusimprisonsherbymagicinhispalace.Comusurgestheladytodrinkfromaglass.herbrothersburstinandsavedher.Comus:AMasqueBenotcoy,andbenotcozenedWiththatsamevauntedname,virginity.BeautyisNature’scoin,mustnotbehoarded,Butmustbecurrent,andthegoodthereofConsistsinmutualandpartakenbliss,Unsavoryinth’enjoymentofitself.Ifyouletsliptime,likeaneglectedroseItwithersonthestalk,withlanguishedhead.听着，小姐，不要矜持，不要为贞女的美名所骗。美貌是大自然的钱币，不为秘藏，必须流通，它的好处在于互通有无，共享乐趣，自身受用则索然无味。如果你错过时机，那就会像未开已谢的玫瑰，枯死枝头。（王佐良）Lycidas:Milton'sPastoralElegyEdwardKingwasafellowstudentofMilton's,aPuritanyouthwhohadwrittensomepoetryandwasintendingtobecomeapreacher.HewasonashipintheIrishSeawhenitsank,andhewasdrowned.Severalofhisfriendsdecidedtowritepoemsinhismemoryandpublishthecollection.Milton'scontribution,Lycidas,belongstoatraditiongoingbacktotheancientGreeksandRomans.Itisapastoral.Thatis,thepoetandthepersonshewritesaboutarealltreatedasshepherds(orshepherdesses)livinginthehillsidesandpasturesofancientGreece.EdwardKingisrenamedLycidas,andMiltonmournshisdeath.Lycidas(1637)firstattempttojustifythewaysofGodtohimselfandtomen.anelegyonthedeathofEdwardKing,whowasdrownedintheIrishSeain1637.beginsfirstwiththegatheringofflowerstomournforthedeadthentheconventionalquestioningsofthevariousrelevantspiritsfinally,abriefdescriptionoftheshepherdwhohassungthewholesongabove.Milton’sSonnetsMiltonwrotealtogether24sonnetsinhislife.Twoonhisblindness(1652-55):OnHisBlindness;ToCyriackSkinner.Oneonthedeathofhissecondwifein1658:OnHisDeceasedWifeToCyriackSkinnerCyriack,thisthreeyears’daytheseeyes,thoughclear,Tooutwardview,ofblemishorofspot,Bereftoflight,theirseeinghaveforgot;NortotheiridleorbsdothsightappearOfsunormoonorstar,throughouttheyear,Ormanorwoman.YetIarguenotAgainstHeaven’shandorwill,norbateojotToCyriackSkinnerOfheartorhope,butstillbearupandsteerRightonward.Whatsupportsme,dostthouask?Theconscience,friend,tohavelostthemoverpliedInliberty’sdefence,mynobletask,OfwhichallEuropetalksfromsidetoside.Thisthoughtmightleadmethroughtheworld’svainmaskContent,thoughblind,hadInobetterguide.ParadiseLost(1667)anepicintwelvebooksinthetraditionofVirgil'sAeneid,recountingthestoryofSatan'srebellionagainstGod,andofthedisobedienceandfallofAdamandEve,ledastraybySatan'slies.EpicPoetryAsaClassicLiteraryFormHomerrecordedfirstmajorepicpoems:TheIliadandTheOdysseyVirgiltellsstoryofRome’sfoundinginTheAeneidDantedescribesHeaven,Hell,andPurgatoryingreatdetailinTheDivineComedyJohnMiltongivesaccountofAdamandEve’sexpulsionfromtheGardenofEdeninParadiseLostTheEpicTraditionEpicpoemsbeganasstoriesthatweresung“Isingofwarfareandamanatwar.”--Line1,Book1ofTheAeneid“OfMan’sFirstDisobedience…IthenceinvokethyaidtomyadventurousSong.”Lines1-13,BookI,ParadiseLostElementsofEpicPoetryThekeyislength!Epicpoemsaremultiplebookswhichusuallytellastoryofepicproportions;Charactersareusuallyroy