某电厂初设水文气象报告

卷册检索号30F210801CW江苏国华陈家港电厂工程初步设计第二十二卷水文气象报告(版号：0)中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院工程设计甲级090001-sj工程勘察综合类甲级090001-kj2007年9月上海江苏国华陈家港电厂工程初步设计第二十二卷水文气象报告(版号：0)批准：审核：校核：编制：ECEPDI第二十二卷水文气象报告工程检索号：30-F210801C-W版号：0第01页2007年9月江苏国华陈家港电厂工程初步设计目录1前言····················································································12灌河及新沂河概况··································································13灌河水文条件········································································23.1潮汐····················································································23.2潮流····················································································23.3波浪····················································································33.4泥沙····················································································33.5悬沙粒径和底质粒径·······························································33.6灌河及口外泥沙运动·······························································33.7近期灌河及口外地形变化·························································43.8水温····················································································43.9盐度····················································································74设计高、低潮位·····································································95电厂水源··············································································95.1冷却水源··············································································95.2淡水水源··············································································96灌河干流河道冲淤特征····························································137灌河口外出口水道演变及稳定性················································147.1灌河河口出口水道的平面摆动···················································157.2出口水道的断面冲淤·······························································157.3出口水道北水道的维持条件······················································178厂址防洪、排涝·····································································188.1厂址防洪··············································································188.2厂区排涝··············································································189工程气象··············································································18附图1江苏省响水县气象局气象台全年风向风速玫瑰图附图2江苏省响水县气象局夏季风向风速玫瑰图附图3江苏省响水县气象局冬季风向风速玫瑰图ECEPDI第二十二卷水文气象报告工程检索号：30-F210801C-W版号：0第1页2007年9月江苏国华陈家港电厂工程初步设计1前言陈家港厂址地处灌河和新沂河交汇处，位于响水县陈家港镇蟒牛村的北面，灌河入海口东岸，西距响水县城约35km，北距日照港110km、连云港50km、黄海约4.5km，南距陈家港镇约5km，与226省道的直线距离约4km。陈家港厂址区域属黄淮冲积平原，起伏较小，地势平坦，厂址场地自然地形标高在2.1m左右。本报告除注明外均采用85国家高程，85国家高程=废黄河高程-0.197m。各基面换算关系见下图：2灌河及新沂河概况灌河是苏北地区最大的入海河流，流域面积6400km2，支流众多，水量丰富，上游有沂南河、柴米河、北六塘河、南六塘河、盐河、淮沭新河、武障河、龙沟河和义泽河等支流汇入，平均年入海径流总量约40.6亿m3。灌河是苏北入海大河中在干流上唯一没有建闸的河流。灌河自灌南县的东三汊起至入海口，全长74.5km，千吨级以上船舶可畅通无阻。1980年春，在盐河以东的灌河上建造了盐东控制工程，先后兴建了六塘河闸、武障河闸、龙沟河闸和义泽河闸，拦蓄上游来水，灌溉两岸农田，并使盐河以西的六塘河、柴米河不再受潮水倒灌的影响。一般当闸上水位大于2.57m，闸门放水。新沂河是江苏、山东的主要排洪河道，全长164km，从灌河口入海，排洪流量6880m3/s。新沂河大堤设计标准为20年一遇，并于2005年底前开工新沂河堤防加固工程，提高新沂河堤防防洪标准为五十年一遇。灌河理论深度基准面废黄河口基准面1956年黄海高程系统1985国家高程基准0.168m0.0286m2.435mECEPDI第二十二卷水文气象报告工程检索号：30-F210801C-W版号：0第2页2007年9月江苏国华陈家港电厂工程初步设计3灌河水文条件3.1潮汐灌河口附近海域受黄海潮波系统控制，属非正规半日潮。根据灌河口燕尾港潮位站的资料统计：多年最高高潮位：3.64m(1992年8月31日)多年最低低潮位：-3.03m(1987年11月26日)多年平均高潮位：1.71m多年平均低潮位：-1.41m多年平均海平面：0.43m最大潮差：5.39m最小潮差：0.89m平均潮差：3.10m平均涨潮历时：5h01m平均落潮历时：7h24m潮波传入灌河河道后，潮波逐渐转为前进波与驻波的混合型潮波，具有明显往复流性质。灌河沿程高、低潮位和潮差变化不大，潮波变形使河道内涨潮历时缩短，落潮历时延长。根据2004年6月4～5日大潮观测，涨落潮历时见表3.1-1。表3.1-1灌河沿程潮位站涨落潮历时表站名开山燕尾港陈家港响水平均涨潮历时5h43m5h01m4h52m4h24m平均落潮历时6h42m7h24m7h33m8h01m3.2潮流灌河河道内基本为顺河道方向的往复流，潮流流速较大。根据1994年8～9月灌河河口段燕尾港、小蟒牛、堆沟三个断面7条垂线同步水文测验资料，表层最大涨、落潮流速都为2.60m/s，底层最大涨、落潮流速为2.51m/s、2.30m/s。该河段落潮流历时大于涨潮流历时。根据2004年6月水文测验资料，灌河河口段内大潮涨潮垂线平均流速接近2.0m/s，最大落潮流垂线平均流速为1.67m/s，涨潮流速大于落潮流速，涨潮最大流速出现在高潮位之ECEPDI第二十二卷水文气象报告工程检索号：30-F210801C-W版号：0第3页2007年9月江苏国华陈家港电厂工程初步设计前1～2小时，落潮最大流速出现在中潮位附近。落潮流历时大于涨潮历时，河道内测点涨潮流历时小于口门处涨潮流历时。灌河口外潮流为逆时针旋转流，潮椭圆长轴向基本与等深线平行，海域涨潮流方向以偏东南向为主，落潮流以西北向为主，涨潮历时5小时多，落潮历时约7小时。灌河口外海域潮流流速明显小于灌河内流速，涨、落潮平均流速约为河道内的0.5倍。据调查资料，一般情况下，灌河咸、淡水分界线处于响水与陈家港之间的双港附近。3.3波浪灌河口门外9km的开山岛1980年8月～1982年12月波浪资料分析，常浪向为NE，强浪向为NNE，最大波高为3.0m(NNE)。根据河海大学1976～1982年风速风向资料进行波浪要素推算，开山岛海域的风浪以有效波高H1/3小于1.0m的浪为主，出现频率约占90%，大于2.0m波浪出现频率为0.3%，各方位平均波高为0.63m，周期为2.6s。3.4泥沙根据多次水文测验资料分析，灌河及口外垂线平均含沙量的分布具有以下特点：(a)口内段河道含沙量高，口外含沙量明显低于口内；(b)口外拦门沙海域含沙量较大，开山岛向外海域水深增大，含沙量明显减小，灌河口门东侧的含沙量比西侧高；(c)风浪掀沙作显著，拦门沙浅滩海域和灌河内大风天，含沙量明显大增。灌河内水流流速大，水流挟沙能力强，水体含沙量较大。根据1994年8～9月水文测验资料，燕尾港到小蟒牛工程河段大潮全潮平均含沙量为1.71kg/m3，小潮全潮平均含沙量为1.07kg/m3。灌河内平时(非大风浪天)的含沙量在1.0～1.8kg/m3范围。灌河口外含沙量较小，根据1994年6月水文测验资料，大潮平均含沙量为0.58～0.76kg/m3，小潮平均含沙量为0.38～0.47kg/m3，含沙量由近岸向外海逐步减小。3.5悬沙粒径和底质粒径灌河及口外悬沙粒径较细，2004年6月观测中值粒径为0.002～0.011mm，1994年灌河测验悬沙粒径d50为0.018～0.0043mm，多数(75%)采样值小于0.01mm。灌河口内河床底质组成主要为粉沙和淤泥，与口外海床泥沙基本相近，底质中值粒径范围为0.011～0.09mm。3.6灌河及口外泥沙运动灌河上游建闸，只有在排洪季节短时间开闸放水，径流量和泥沙量都不大，对口外水域的影响也不大，灌河口外存在大片浅滩(即沙嘴)，波浪掀沙作用明显，灌河内泥沙主要来源于口外，悬沙输移是主要运动方式。灌河及口门附近起主导作用的是潮流和潮流输沙，ECEPDI第二十二卷水文气象报告工程检索号：30-F210801C-W版号：0第4页2007年9月江苏国华陈家港电厂工程初步设计灌河口内巨大的潮量是维持灌河河道良好航道水深的主要因素。灌河口外地区波浪沿岸输沙的方向是由东南向西北，平均年净沿岸输沙量约3万m3。来自废黄河三角洲的沙源，由东南向西北的沿岸输沙被灌河口口门浅滩拦截及河口入海水流的干扰，水流能量减弱、泥沙淤积，灌河口右岸沙嘴不断发育，灌河