上外考研2017英语语言文学英汉互译真题

1上海外国语大学考研2017年硕士研究生入学考试英语语言文学英汉互译真题回忆版一、汉译英16世纪同时出现在东半球的中国和西半球的英国、在各自戏剧突破中形成高峰的汤显祖和莎士比亚，尽管都是人类宝贵遗产，都不只属于他们的时代而属于所有的时代，也不只属于他们的国家而属于全人类，后世却遭遇了不同的文化际遇，构成其文化命运的反差。汤显祖身后，演出“四梦”的昆曲由于只流行在士大夫文人中，脱离平民趣味，不被“下里巴人”欣赏。《牡丹亭》成为文人手中把玩的雅物，其中倡导的“至情”观念更非普通人所易于理解并产生共鸣，因而从清代开始就不能进行全本演出，只有《春香闹学》《游园惊梦》等零散折出流传在舞台上，成为小众的昆曲舞台上的保留剧目。经历了20世纪初年的新文化运动之后，中国现代文化直接承接了西方文化而与自身传统脱节，中国戏曲遭到时代的轻视和忽略，昆曲成为遗响，汤显祖则成了中国传统戏剧的残存记忆。莎士比亚戏剧不同，应和着文艺复兴的声势，在17世纪陆续传入德、法、意、俄和北欧诸国，对欧洲各国戏剧的发展产生了深远影响。尤其不可忽视的是，莎士比亚戏剧还卷入了一个巨大的历史际遇：随英语世界扩张和世界文化的西潮东渐之风浸润到各大洲，最终传遍了全球。15世纪末“地理大发现”后的欧洲殖民热潮，携带着欧洲戏剧开始向美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、非洲播散，形成全球范围的西方戏剧文化圈，莎士比亚戏剧也随着英语覆盖地域的剧增，迅速膨胀为世界性的戏剧遗产。而印度、中国、日本和南亚这些有着自己古老戏剧传统的国家和地区，以及世界上其他语种的国家，也都逐步在自己的舞台上引进了西方戏剧样式，并用本国语言来演出，同时也按照西方式样建造起众多的剧院供使用。于是，西方戏剧尤其是英语戏剧在20世纪成为全球性文化现象，莎士比亚则成为其共同的标杆。几百年来，莎士比亚剧作成为世界戏剧舞台上最为盛演的内容，可以说有剧院就有莎士比亚，各国剧院也都以上演莎士比亚剧作为荣。莎士比亚成为被各国专家学者研究最多的戏剧家，“莎学”成为国际“显学”，莎士比亚的剧本则进入大、中、小学教科书而成为一代又一代的知识和文学艺术积淀。二、英译中：节选自OnLivinginAnAtomicAge（试题有删减）Inonewaywethinkagreatdealtoomuchoftheatomicbomb.Howarewetoliveinanatomicage?Iamtemptedtoreply:Why,asyouwouldhavelivedinthesixteenthcenturywhentheplaguevisitedLondonalmosteveryyear,orasyouwouldhavelivedinaVikingagewhenraidersfromScandinaviamightlandandcutyourthroatanynight;orindeed,asyouarealreadylivinginanageofcancer,anageofsyphilis,anageofparalysis,anageofairraids,anageofrailwayaccidents,anageofmotoraccidents.Inotherwords,donotletusbeginbyexaggeratingthenoveltyofoursituation.Believeme,dearsirormadam,youandallwhomyoulovewerealreadysentencedtodeathbeforetheatomicbombwasinvented:andquiteahighpercentageofusweregoingtodieinunpleasantways.Thisisthefirstpointtobemade:andthefirstactiontobetakenistopullourselvestogether.2Ifweareallgoingtobedestroyedbyanatomicbomb,letthatbombwhenitcomesfindusdoingsensibleandhumanthings-praying,working,teaching,reading,listeningtomusic,bathingthechildren,playingtennis,chattingtoourfriendsoverapintandagameofdarts-nothuddledtogetherlikefrightenedsheepandthinkingaboutbombs.Theymaybreakourbodies(amicrobecandothat)buttheyneednotdominateourminds.But,Youreply,itisnotdeath-notevenpainfulandprematuredeath-thatwearebotheringabout.Ofcausethechanceofthatisnotnew.Whatisnewisthattheatomicbombmayfinallyandtotallydestroycivilizationitself.Thelightsmaybeputoutforever.Thisbringsusmuchnearertotherealpoint;butletmetrytomakeclearexactlywhatIthinkthatpointis.Whatwereyourviewsabouttheultimatefutureofcivilizationbeforetheatomicbombappearedonthescene?Whatdidyouthinkallthiseffortofhumanitywastocomeintheend?Therealanswerisknowntoalmosteveryonewhohasevenasmatteringofscience;yet,oddlyenough,itishardlyevermentioned.Andtherealanswer(almostbeyonddoubt)isthat,withorwithoutatomicbombs,thewholestoryisgoingtoendinNOTHING.Theastronomersholdoutnohopethatthisplanetisgoingtobepermanentlyinhabitable.Thephysicistsholdoutnohopethatorganiclifeisgoingtobeapermanentpossibilityinanypartofthematerialuniverse.Notonlythisearth,butthewholeshow,allthesunsofspace,aretorundown.Natureisasinkingship.Bergsontalksaboutélanvital,andMr.ShawtalksabouttheLife-forceasiftheycouldsurgeonforeverandever.Butthatcomesofconcentratingonbiologyandignoringtheothersciences.Thereisreallynosuchhope.Naturedoesnot,inthelongrun,favourlife.IfNatureisalltheexists-inotherwords,ifthereisnoGodandnolifeofsomequitedifferentsortsomewhereoutsideNature-thenallstorieswillendinthesameway:inauniversefromwhichalllifeisbanishedwithoutpossibilityofreturn.ItwillhaveBeenanaccidentalflicker,andtherewillbenooneeventorememberit.Nodoubtatomicbombsmaycutitsdurationonthispresentplanetshorterthatitmighthavebeen;butthewholething,mustbesoinfinitesimallyshortinrelationtotheoceansofdeadtimewhichprecedeandfollowitthatIcannotfeelexcitedaboutitscurtailment.备注：上外不公布英语语言文学真题，网上有的都是真题回忆版，谨防上当受骗。