加拿大农业支持政策改革的效果及其启示-朱满德

()201410155JournalofHunanAgriculturalUniversity(SocialSciences),Oct.2014,15(5):61–69 DOI:10.13331/j.cnki.jhau(ss).2014.05.0101a21b*(1.a.,b5500252.430070)2030()——F330A1009-2013(2014)05-0061-09 ReformeffectsandimplicationsofCanada'sagriculturalsupportpolicyZHUMan-de1,YUANXiang-zhou2,JIANGDong-po1(1a.CollegeofEconomics,b.ResearchCenterofMarxistEconomicsDevelopmentandApplication,GuizhouUniversity,Guiyang,Guizhou550025,China;2.CollegeofEconomics&Management,HuazhongAgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan,Hubei430070,China)Abstract:Canadagovernmentconstructsthepackageofagriculturalpoliciesthroughcontinuallypolicyreformfromthe1930s,whichcurrenttakesGrowingForward2PolicyFrameworkasthecoreofagriculture.Usingproducersupportestimates(PSE)methodtoassessmentCanada’sagriculturalsupportpolicyreform,theresultshowsCanada’sagriculturesectorisfullofinnovation,dynamic,competitivenessandadaptabilityduetosupportingbybusinessriskmanagement(thatisBMR)andNon-BMRprogrammeforagriculture.ThereareimportantimplicationsforChina’sagriculturalsupportpoliciesreformintransitionperiod,suchas:formtheintegrationagriculturalsupportpolicywhichjointthecentralgovernment,provincialgovernmentandcountygovernmentthroughagriculturalmanagementinstitutionreform,constructbusinessriskmanagementforagriculturalandtakeadvantageofmarketpricesupportmeasuresanddirectpaymentslinkedagriculturalproductionthroughthepolicesoptimization,protectthesensitiveproductsandsupporttoimproveagriculturalcompetitiveness,adaptabilityandsustainabledevelopmentprogramme.Keywords:agriculturalsupportpolicy;pricesupport;directpayments;businessriskmanagementforagriculture;Canada                                                             20140610(7127306971473052)(12YJC790296)(JD2013025)(1983—)*(WTO)2012628.3[1]20019200515.3201263.6201253.584.2%4062() 3/4(GATTWTO)1992(NAFTA)209021[2]()(1)2030802030(CWB)2050(1944)(1945)(1947)(1955)(1959)195520(1080%)2070(1955)590%19761975(1959)()1977(2)2090212080901/3[3]WTO(OECD)(decouplingpayments)1991WTO()15563 OECD(3)212003(AgriculturalPolicyFrameworkAPF)——APF52008(GrowingForwardPolicyFrameworkGF)GF(1)[4]GF5(2009—2013)1“(GF)”2013331GF5——()(GrowingForward2PolicyFrameworkGF2)201341GF2GF2GF3[5]80(BusinessriskmanagementBRM)(Non-BRMProgramme)()(GF2)OECD()()164() GF2(HS)2012()81370100%3.2%212(BRM)GF2(AgriStability)(AgriInvest)(AgriRecovery)(AdHocDisaster)030%1%15000(15000)30%70%(2)()20126275020032007220132018[6]030%ANS1%30%70%()10%~50%60%()()(7%)90%~100%()1.()2.ANS1957GF2GF(AgriInsurance)260%90%100%15565 [7]()70%20128.75[8]320117001/21/635.3%——27%43.5%87%——4010183()(GF2)GF2(AgriInnovation)(AgriMarketing)(AgriCompetitiveness)5(20132018)3010FPT(jointFederal,ProvincialandTerritorial——)20(R&D)25%7.57.52080(OECD)(PSE)[9](PSE)(CSE)(GSSE)(TSE)PSEPSE(2012)1.U20902090(TSE)1986198899(3)19951997692003(APF)20042006100.220102012100.9(3)(percentageTSETSEGDP)198619881.78%201020120.59%OECD(0.94%)(PSE)U66() ——1986198879.41995199749.02004200674.72010201275.1(percentagePSEPSE)1986198835.7%1995199716.3%2004200620.8%2010201215.4%20(15.1%)(7.5%)(5.0%)(2.9%)(2.5%)(0.6%)(59.9%)(51.3%)(49.7%)(18.9%)(16.2%)OECD(18.7%)OECD(1)120102012OECDOECDOECD,PSE/CSEDatabase,2014.(GSSE)1986200320200425(3)(NACp)198619881.56200420061.26201020121.18(NACc)198619881.30201020121.182.(1)(TSE)(PSE)1986198880.2%2010201274.4%(percentageGSSE)19.7%25.3%(GF)60%40%2008GF2012(3)319861988199519972004200620102012/79.449.074.775.1/%35.716.320.815.41.561.201.261.18/19.220.025.525.8/%19.629.025.425.6/-37.6-24.2-40.1-50.4/%-22.8-11.2-16.8-15.41.301.131.201.18/99.069.0100.2100.9/41.124.340.150.4/58.444.965.055.7/-0.5-0.3-4.9-5.2/%1.780.820.730.59198619881995199720042006201020123OECDPSE/CSEDatabase2014.(2)(PSE)208090(MPS)50%60%15567 199540%200827.3201248.3(18.232)60%()21200810%200523.6%2008(GF)()35%7%201020120.9%0.4%(2)2(1)A/An/R/I///(2)A1A2DEFGOECDPSE/CSEDatabase(2014).(3)(GSSE)2010201220.1%20%20051986198828.6%1995199727.8%2004200624.4%201020129.3%1986198817%1995199717.3%2004200628.5%2010201239.3%(3)3OECDPSE/CSEDatabase(2014).3.20082010201275.7%2004200618(4)4%1986198819951997200420062010201220102011201271.658.057.675.773.273.780.113.29.15.69.612.47.98.513.114.620.312.313.213.210.62.118.416.52.41.25.20.7OECD(PSE)4PSEOECDPSE/CSEDatabase(2014)(percentagePSCT)1986198828.4%2010201212.1%1995208020%1986198868() 73.6%2010201250.8%25.2%24.8%OECD(5.6%)(3%)(2.8%)(2.2%)(1.4%)(1.1%)OECD(4)420102012OECD(%PSCT)20102012OECDPSE/CSEDatabase2014.——————2003(APF)——()()15569 OECDOECDOECDOECD2010“OECD’sProducerSupportEstimateandRelatedIndicatorsofAgriculturalSupportConcept,Calculations,InterpretationandUse_thePSEManua)”OECDPublicationsServiceParis.[1]WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)InternationalTradeStatistics2013[R]Genevan:WTO201368-69[2]KathleenKAnoverviewoftheCanadianagricultureandagri-foodsystems[J]AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada2011143-157[3]SkogstadGCanadianagriculturalprogramsandparadigmsTheinfluenceofinternationaltradeagreementsanddo