定语从句特殊情况

1定语从句中只用that不用as的情况【观察】1.Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyouintown?2.Allthebooksthathaveselectedareusefulones.3.Thefirstthing（that）weshoulddoistoworkouttheplan.4.ThisisoneofthemostexcitingtabletennisgamesthatIhaveeverseen.5.Thelastplacethatwevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm.6.Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.7.Whothathasseenthefilmdoesn’tlikeit?8.I’llneverforgettheSunday（that）mybabywasborn.9.Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.【归纳】限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况：1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing（something除外）,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。如：HaveyousetdowneverythingthatMrLisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstAmericanmoviethatIwatchedwastheTitanic.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthebestmuseumthatIhavevisitedallmylife.4.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thefirst/last等修饰时。如：Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.Afterthebigfire,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandinginfrontofthecrowd?WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.7.当先行词是reason,way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替inwhich,forwhich,why,也常可省略。如：Sheadmiredtheway（that）theysolvedthequestions.【歌诀】从句前有“不定式”，先行词前有only,when，some,any,thevery在，或有“高”、“序”去替代，只用that来安排。【小试】用适当的关系词完成下列句子。1.TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.22.ThisisthesecondbookIhaveeverwritten.3.ThisisallIwanttosayatthemeeting.4.Haveyouanynovelsareworthreading?5.Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingswecanremember.6.EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.7.Ihavenothingisworthreading.8.Whoyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?（答案略）2.只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况（1）在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.例如：①Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.我们住的房子非常大。②Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，例如：Thisisthequestionwhich/thatwe’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.=Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。（2）先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：①Studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。②Abookshopshoulddealwithavarietyofthosebestsellerswhicharenewlypublished.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。同学你好，引导状语从句的连词as可以用作关系代词，引导定语从句，因而被称作准关系代词。1.准关系代词as引导限制定语从句，用于以下3个结构中，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语：a.so/such…asSuchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.(as作主语)I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.(as作表语)Lasttermourmathsteachersetsodifficultan(=suchadifficult)examinationproblemasnoneofusworkedout.b.thesame…asModernstatemenareoftenfacedwiththesameproblemasdefeatedtheancientRomans.(as作宾语)Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作宾语)c.as…asAsmanychildrenascameweregivensomecakes.(as作主语)Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.(as作主语)补充：a.such…as与such…that的区别such…as引导定语从句；such…that引导结果状语从句。TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.3他们用十分简单的英语交谈，连孩子们都能听懂。Iwillprovideyouwithsuchthingsasyoumayneed.我要供给你一些你可以用得着的东西。Heshutthewindowwithsuchaforcethattheglassbroke.他如此用力地关门，结果玻璃碎了。b.thesame…as与thesame…that的区别：thesame…as指两物相似，thesame..描述的是同一物。ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的（书包）相似。（相似物）ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。（同一物）2.准关系代词as引导非限制定语从句。a.as引导非限制性定语从句，只代表主语或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个名词或代词)，可以放在主句前，后或中间，在从句中作主语或宾语、例如：Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.(as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句首)Taiwanis,asyouknow,aninseparablepartofChina.(as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)常用的这类句式有：asissaidabove综上所述-asisknowntoall众所周知asisoftenthecase通常如此-asisreportedinthenewspaper如报纸所报导的b.主句具有否定意义，as引导的定语从句位于主句之后时，as指代得主句不包括否定意义，并可用but取代。例如：Whalesarenowfish,assomepeoplethink/butsomepeoplethinktheyare.Iamnoorator,asBrutusis.我不善言词,而勃鲁特斯却是个雄辩家.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennear1yrelatedtothem.蜘蛛不是昆虫,尽管许多人认为它是昆虫,它甚至与昆虫几乎没有关系.但as引导的定语从句谓语主句前时，as指代的主句仍包括否定意义。Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.正如前面所说的，语法不是一套死条纹。3.在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：a.which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。b.用能做关系代词，as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。Heisaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.(as指代一个句子，意为“正如”、“就像”)HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.(which指代一个句子，没有“正如”、“就像”)c.当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于联系动词的seem,become等时，可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时，只能用which作主语。4.as可用作连词，引导状语从句，构成省略形式“as+过去分词”这一特殊结构，译成汉语时作用如定语。例如：Thebridgeasshowninthepictureisreallywonderful.(asshown=asitisshown可译为“图中的桥”)Seetheanswersasgivenattheendofthisbook.(asgiven=asitisshown可译为“书后给出4的答案”)EnglishasspokenisAustraliaisslightlydifferentfromBritishEnglish.(asspoken=asitisspoken可译为“在澳大利亚讲得英语”)请看下列的“as+过去分词”结构用于修饰前面的名词：Thestudyasdescribedinthearticle…如文章中描述的那种学习Theprogramasconductedby…由…指挥的（指导的）节目Theartasappliedtomedicine…应用于医学的艺术Theproductsas