新公共服务与公务员的品德修养

新公共服務與公務員的品德修養57*(ProfessoroftheDepartmentofPublicAdministration,NationalChengchiUniversity)新公共服務與公務員的品德修養蕭武桐*摘要關鍵字：新公共服務、品德、基本假定、自我靈性實現國家菁英季刊　第二卷第一期(2006.03)58NewPublicService&GovermentEmployees’CharacterDevelopmentHsiao,Wu-TungAbstractTheessenceofNewPublicServiceinvolvestraditionalPublicadministration,newpublicadministrationandnewpublicmanagement-allrelatedinsomewaytothedeepsideofhumannature.Itarguesthat,beforeonecanbecomeawell-conductedgovernmentemployee,hemustfirstdevelopasoundpersonalityandthenactasawell-behavedcitizen.Therefore,inadditiontoproductivity,publicgood,senseofjusticeandhumanconcern,heisalsorequiredtopayattentionofspiritualrealizationonhisownpart.ThepurposeofthiswritingisthusaimedatfindingoutthemajorideasandfundamentalassumptionsofNewPublicServicefordialoguesofmindsinthelightofprofoundculturalstructureandNewPublicService.Bywayofself-examination,anygovernmentemployeewillbeabletodeliberatesuchquestionas“WhyIchosetoworkforpublicsectorsinthefirstplace?”,“Whatwasmyoriginalmotivation?”and“Whatwasmyaimtopursueforacareerasgovernmentemployee?”Byretrievingtheimportantethicalvaluesexistinginone’sinnerlife,onemaywellbecomeawell-conductedgovernmentemployeeandshowagainahearttorenderservicetothegeneralpublicfortheirgreatestbenefits.Keywords:newpublicservice,character,assumption,meta-motivation新公共服務與公務員的品德修養59壹、前言1887WoodrowWilson196819902000HumanisticAdministrationJohnRawlsC.Osborne&T.Gaebler1992RobertB.DenhardtJanetVinzant.Denhardt貳、新公共服務的主要內涵及基本假定DenhardtandDenhardt,2003;PodsakoffandMackonie.etal,2000一、為公民服務而不是顧客二、尋找公共利益三、重視公民精神超過企業家精神四、策略性思考和民主行動五、課責並不是單純簡易的事國家菁英季刊　第二卷第一期(2006.03)60六、服務而不是導航七、重視人而不是生產力assumptionmeta-motivation2002a參、新公共服務和中國文化的對話1984新公共服務與公務員的品德修養6119891999國家菁英季刊　第二卷第一期(2006.03)62alienation1996新公共服務與公務員的品德修養632002a肆、公務員為何要有較高品德修養characterLewisandGilman,2005一、美國行政學者的觀點（Cooper,2001）StephenK.Bailey1.2.國家菁英季刊　第二卷第一期(2006.03)643.DavidK.HartBaileyMetalAttitudesCooper,20011.2.ContextualForces3.ParadoxesofProcedures二、中國文化：孔子的觀點—禮、義、仁（蕭武桐，2002a）LiYiJen新公共服務與公務員的品德修養65國家菁英季刊　第二卷第一期(2006.03)66三、自我實現：行為科學的觀點196840Cascio,2006(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)()Maslow,A.H.(1)selflessness(2)(3)(4)(5),1993新公共服務與公務員的品德修養67伍、領導者的覺性管理：禪的觀點meta-motivation384-322B.C.TheModelofAllinGoodMeasureCEOShafritzandOtt,2001WarrenBennis國家菁英季刊　第二卷第一期(2006.03)681993HerbertA.SimonEdwarddeBono1999陸、個案研析：慈濟之道在「明明德」（蕭武桐，2002a）3090TQMparadigmshift新公共服務與公務員的品德修養69柒、結語PeterM.Sengemastery國家菁英季刊　第二卷第一期(2006.03)70參考書目1980中國人生哲學1984中國哲學之精神及其發展（上）1993工作禪心1989易經講義（上、下集）1996回到當下1993禪的智慧VS現代管理1999人生雙贏的磐石2002a公務倫理2002b企業倫理2003a《公訓報導》，106期2003b《中國行政》，73期Cascio,WayneF.(2006).ManagingHumanResources.(7thed).NewYork:McGraw-Hill.41-69.Cooper,TerryL.(Ed.).(2001).HandbookofAdministrativeEthics.NewYork:MarcelDekkerInc.Denhardt,RobertB.&JanetV.Denhardt(2000).TheNewPublicService:ServingRatherthanSteering,PublicAdministrativeReview60(6):549-559.Denhardt,RobertB.&JanetV.Denhardt(2003).TheNewPublicService:Serving,notSteering.NewYork:M.E.Sharpe.Lewis,C.W.&StuartC.Gilman(2005).TheEthicsChallengeinPublicService.SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass.Podsakoff,P.M.&ScottB.Mackonzie,etal.(2000).OrganizationalCitizenshipBehaviors:ACriticalReviewoftheTheoreticalandEmpiricalLiteratureandSuggestionforFutureResearch,JournalofManagement26(3):513-563.Shafritz,JayM.&J.StevenOtt(Ed.).(2001).ClassicsofOrganizationTheory.NewYork:HarcourtCollegePublishers.Simon,HerbertA.(1997).AdministrativeBehavior:AStudyofDecision-makingProcessinAdministrativeOrganization(4thed.).NewYork:FreePress.