水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响评价方法初探3

333(,100101),...,,,,,BOD2DO,.1001-9332(2003)05-0803-05G304AApproachestoevaluatetheeffectsofhydraulicengineeringonriverecosystemservices.LUChunxia,XIEGao2di,CHENGShengkui,YUGuirui(InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China).2Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2003,14(5):803807.Toevaluatetheeffectsofhydraulicengineeringonriverecosystemservices,asetofindictorsystemandquantita2tivemethods,whichincludedtheappraisalprinciples,classificationofriverservicesandindictorselectionwereestablished.Theriverecosystemservicescouldbeclassifiedintofourtypes:watersupplyandrelatedservices(e.g.,transportationandhydroelectricgeneration),ecologicalsupportingfunctions,regulationandcontrol,andaes2theticandculturalservices.Basedonrelativestudies,thequantitativeapproacheswereestablishedtomeasuretheindicesreflectingtheecologicaleffectsofhydraulicengineeringinvolvingthechangeofbiodiversityandpurifi2cationservices.ThemethodsmainlycontainedexponentmethodsandBOD2DOmodel.Theseapproacheswillbehelpfulforfurtheranalysisandassessmentontheeffectsofhydraulicengineeringimpactonriverecosystemser2vices.KeywordsHydraulicengineering,Riverecosystem,Ecosystemservices,Assessmentapproaches.3(CX10G-G01-01).33.2002-09-14,2002-12-13.1,..,.,,.,..,.,,.,,.,19903147,18,150,574108m3[20].,1.7km.,,,,,.,[2,12,16,19],,[3,4,6,7,11,13,14],[1,5,18].,,20035145CHINESEJOURNALOFAPPLIEDECOLOGY,May2003,14(5)803807©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved..,.2211,.,,,:(1).,..,,.(2).,.(3).,..,.(4).,.i).,,.ii).,.,,.(5).,,,.212,.,.,[10,11,15],,:(1).,,.,,.(2).2...,,.,.,.,.(3)...(4).,.,.,,.213,.,,,.,,,.,,.21311,,,,,..,...,.,,.,,.213121).,,.,,,,,...2)40814©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved..,,.,.,().3).,,.,,.,,BOD5.21313,,.,,,.:,,;,,,.,,,.,.21314,.,.1Table1IndictorsystemforassessingimpactofhydraulicengineeringonriverecosystemServicesPhysicalindictorMethodRemarkWatersupplyandrelatedfunctionA1WatersupplybydamengineeringA1Adjustedstorageca2pacityA2CoefficientofengineeringwatersupplyA2=E/WE,WEstandsforengineeringwatersupply,WisannualrunoffA3ChargecapacityofhydroelectricgeneratorFactualchargecapacityofhydroelectricgen2eratorA3ChangeofecologicsupportingservicesA4ChangeoflandscapediversityA4=T/Tmax100%Romme[17]A5ChangeofbiodiversityA5-ni=1Pilog2PiShannonA6TourismenvironmentcapacityA6=P/dPPistouristamountA7EntertainmentcapacityA7=R/AR[9],ARistheareaforrecreationactivi2ties,AstandsfortheareaofriverbasinA8IndexofrivercapacityA8=86.4(Ch-Ci)Q+Kci(LQ/V)A9PurificationchangeofriverTrackmethod,Trackingsewagewaterandanalyz2ingthewaterqualityBOD2DOUsingBOD2DOmodelBOD5MeasuringthechangeofBOD5chargeconcentrationA10IncreaseofaquicultureoutputIndexofaquicul2tureoutputA0iAi,f0ifiA10=ni=1(Aifi-A0if0i)A0iandAiaretheareaofthereachandthereservoirrespectively;f0iandfiaretheaquicultureoutputofthenaturalreachandthereservoirrespectivelyRegulationser2vicesA11AmountoffloodcontrolA11=Q-QQQisthefloodflowA12AmountofwaterlossandsoilerosionA12=MAM,AMiserosionmoduleandAistheeffectedareaofdamengien2eeringA13IncreasedareaofwatersurfaceA13=Ad-ArAd,ArAdistheareaofreservoirandAristheareaofnaturalreachCulturalandaestheticservicesDamagedegreetoculturalqualityContingentvaluemethodsDamagedegreetoaestheticqualityContingentvaluemethodsDamagedegreetoscienceandeducationqualityContingentvaluemethods5085:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,.,,...,,,.,,,,.1.21421411.,.,,.,,,.,.Romme[17],()A4:A4=T/Tmax100%,A4,T,Tmax..,.Shan2non,n,Pii.A5=-ni=1Pilog2Pi,3S,,,.21412..,,.[9]A8:A8=86.4(Ch-Ci)Q+Kci(LQ/V),Ch(mgL-1),;Ci(mgL-1);L;Q(m3s-1);V(ms-1),Kci(d-1),86.4.,,QV,,,.21413BOD2DO1).,,,,,.2)BOD.(BOD),,(DO),,,DO.,BOD,BOD2DO.Streeter2PhelpsBOD2DO[8],.:1),;2),D(=Os2O)..:Dt(K1LaK2-K1)[e-K1t-eK2t]+D1e-K2t(1),Dtt(mgL-1);D1(t=0)(mgL-1);K1(d-1);K2(d-1).K1K2.,LaLbBOD5(mgL-1),K1=1/t.Ig(La/Lb)K2=1/D.Ig(La/Lb)f=K2/K1,t,D,f.Dt(Dc),tc.,Dc/D1=0,:tc=1K2-K1ln{K2K1[1-D1(K2-K1)K1La]}(2)DC=K1LaK2(e-K1t)(3)JohnG.RauDavidC.WootenEnvironmentImpactAnalysisHandbook,f4,f1.1,BODLa,BOD5.La=D1feK1tc(4)BOD5=La(1-e-5K1)(5),.2141460814©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,.,.3,.,,.,,,.,.,,,..BOD2DO,,,.,,,,.1BishopR,BoyleK,WelshM,etal.1987.GlenCanyonDamreleas2esanddownstreamrecreation:ananalysisofuserpreferencesande2conomicvalues.Madison,Wisconsin:Heberlein2BaumgartenerRe2searchServices.188pp.2BrownTC,TaylorJG,ShelbyB.1992.Assessingthedirecteffectsofstreamflowonrecreation:aliteraturereview.WaterResourBull,27(6):9799893BrownTC,DanielTC.1991.Landscapeaestheticsofriparianenvi2ronments:relationshipofflowqualitytoscienicqualityalongawildandscenicriver.WaterResourRes,27(4):178717964CarsonRT,MitchellRC.1993.Thevalueofcleanwater:thepublicswillingnesstopayforboatable,fishable,andswimmablequalitywater.WaterResourRes,29(7):244524545CordellHK&BergstronJC.1993.Comparisonofrecreationusevaluesamongalternativereservoirwaterlevelmanagementscenar2ios.WaterResourRes,29(2):2472586DaubertJ&YoungR.1981.Recreationaldemandsformaintaininginstreamflows:aconting