10 古希腊建筑

Lecture10AncientGreekArchitectureI.Termspediment-atriangulargablebetweenahorizontalentablatureandaslopingroofMetope-AnyofthespacesbetweentwotriglyphsonaDoricfrieze.Triglyph-AnornamentinaDoricfrieze,consistingofaprojectingblockhavingonitsfacetwoparallelverticalglyphsorgroovesandtwohalfgroovesorchamfersoneitherverticalend,thatseparatesthemetopes.corniceFriezeArchitraveorEpistyleCapitalshaftbaseStylobateStereobateentablatureColumnabacusvolute•Order(architecture)oneoforiginalthreestylesofGreekarchitecturedistinguishedbythetypeofcolumnandentablatureusedorastyledevelopedfromtheoriginalthreebytheRomansCapital:Thetoppartofapillarorcolumn•ArtofAncientGreekI.TheArchaicPeriod(1200—450B.C.)II.TheClassicalPeriod(450—300B.C.)III.TheHellenisticPeriod(3rdcentury–theChristianera)II.ThreeOrders:DoricIonicCorinthianI.DoricCapitalDoriccolumn:Heavy,flutedcolumnwithplainsaucershapedcapitalandnobase;curvedwithvertical,parallelchannelsknownasflutes,whichshould,properlyspeaking,numbertwenty.DoricDoriccapital:theuppersectionofthecolumnconsistsofacushionlikeconvexmoldingknownasan“echinus,”andasquareslabtermedan“abacus.”ParthenonPlanMetopePedimentalscriptureEASTEastFriezeWestNorthSouthfriezeIonicFeatures:AnelegantlymoldedbaseTall,slenderflutedshaftsProminentspirals(volutes)onthecapitalsAnornamental(carved)friezeAcorniceornamentedbyegg-and-dart,bead-and-reel,anddentilmoldingsIoniccolumn:AcolumnofclassicalGreekarchitecturecharacterizedbythefollowing:Anelegantlymoldedbase,Tall,slenderflutedshaftsProminentvolutesonthecapitalsIonicCapitalReconstructionofsecondtempleofHeraonSamos,7thcBCTheTempleofArtemis(Artemision)atEphesusArtistReconstructionCorinthianCapitalTheslenderestandmostornateofthethreeclassicalGreekOrders,characterizedbyCorinthianentablatureandcolumn.Thecornicesometimesincludesmodillions,dentils,anthemion,andegg-and-dart.Thefriezesometimesincludessculptedrelief.Corinthiancolumn:TheslenderestandmostornateofthethreeclassicalGreekcolumns,includingTallestbaseofthethreeclassicalGreekordersSlender,flutedshaftOrnate,bell-shapedcapitaldecoratedwithafleuron,volutes,andacanthusleavesCorinthiancapital,initsperfectedform,hastwotiersofeightacanthusleaves.Fromtheuppermostoftheserisestalkswhichterminateinvolutes.Thesesupporttheabacus.Atthecenterofthefourconvexfacesisacarvedanthemion.TuscanorRusticorderCompositeOrderSculpturePhidiasIII.Sculpture1.Purposes1)ArchitecturalSculpture2)Cult-images3)Votivesculpture4)Sepulchralsculpture5)Honorarystatues6)Sculptureusedmerelyasornament,andhavingnosacredorpubliccharactertheDiscobolusDiscus-throwerPraxitelesHermeswithInfantDionysosAphroditeofKnidosNikeofSamothraceLaocoonTheboywiththegooseAphroditeofMelos