必修2-限制性定从与非限定从

定语从句复习1.定语从句的分类2.定语从句中的注意事项3.关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系4.关系代词和关系副词的用法及其容易混用的情况5.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较6.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较7.as引导的两种定语从句8.介词加关系代词的情况9.只能用that、which的情况定语从句复习定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句•1.myson,whoisateacher,islivinginshanghai.•2.mysonwhoisateacherislivinginshanghai.•Summary:限制性定语从句：是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系密切，写时主句与从句不用逗号。•非限制性定语从句：与主句关系不密切，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思依然清楚，这时主句与从句写时往往用逗号隔开。非限制性定从与限制性定从的区别名称限制定从非限制定从作用起限定作用，限制或约束先行词，不可省略，否则主句意思不完整与主句关系不密切，只是对先行词起附加说明，如去掉主句意思仍完整结构不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开功能是先行词不可缺少的定语对先行词或主句作附加的说明引导词1.做宾语时，可省略2.可用that3.可用who代替whom1.做宾语时，不可省略2.不用that3.不用who代替whom译法翻译成“先行词”的定语：“….的…”通常翻译成并列句Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which1.Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,_____________peoplevisitthefamousWestLake.2.Beijing,_________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,________isapopstar.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/inwhich5.Ishouldthankmyteacher,with______help,Isolvedtheproblem.6.HeonceworkedontheBird’sNest,___________hissonisproud.whoseofwhichas也可用作关系代词，在定语从句中做主语，宾语•1.as用于限制性定从中，关系代词as常用thesame…as;such…as;as….as;so…as的结构中，as代表前面的先行词，在从句中做主语，宾语•1）Ihadthesameexperienceasyouhad•2)Noonethoughthatsuchanaccidentashadoccurredwouldhappen.•3)Hereissoheavyaboxascanbeliftedbynobody.2.as用于非限制定从，as可指代这个主句，其引导词的定语可位于句首，句中，句末，通常有逗号与主句隔开。•英语中有很多由AS引导的定从，常出现在句首，表示主句内容符合人们的认识或事物的特征意义。•Asweallknowasoftenhappens•Asiswellknownasisoftenthecase•Asanybodycanseeasmaybeimagined•Asanybodycanseeashasbeensaidbefore•由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。•例如：•Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth•.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。•Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.•太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。•Heisateacher,ascanbeseenfromhismanner(as做主语)•Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as做宾语）•Money,assomeoneoncesaid,istherootofallevils.•ThatisthesamebikeasIlost•ThatisthesamebikethatIlost.•Such….as….定从Such…..that….结果状从•Ihaveneverheardsuchfunnystoriedashetold.•Hetoldussuchafunnystorythatwealllaughed.as引导的非限制性定语从句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.Itwhich/asAsItas具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定语从句在句首时只能用as,as引导的非限制性定语从句(1)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.Pleasecompare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。as引导的限制性定语从句(2)Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。