您好,欢迎访问三七文档
Presentperfecttense现在完成时Objectives1.学习现在完成时;2.总结现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及用法。Grammar一、现在完成时的定义:1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态二、现在完成时的结构have/has+done(过去分词)注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。如:Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。三、现在完成时的时间状语1.ever,never,twice(once…),sofar(到目前为止),,already(肯定句),yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前),recently(近来)等词连用2.Since+时间点,for+时间段,inthepast/lastfewyears表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。说明:already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。例如:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Theyhaveleft.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)Ihavehadmylunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用四、现在完成时的用法A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。e.g.Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)B.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。e.g.Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了?用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词,句中谓语动词用现在完成时,时间状语为“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”。e.g.HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。Theoldmandied4yearsago.=Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.=HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.=Ihavehadthebookfor5days.表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for2years),since+从句(sincehecamehere),since+时间点名词(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong;foralongtime等。五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)2.一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:…ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)3.现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever,never,twice,sofar(到目前为止),since,for,inthepast/lastfewyears,already(肯定句),yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前)连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.六、比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)beento...表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”,可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has)goneto表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了Exercises单项选择1._______hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_______toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived2.Hisuncle_______formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity3.—_______you_______yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_______itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish4.Hisfather_______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin5.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_______friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade6.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_______for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway7.I_______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeeninD.havebeen8.Thefactory_______sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened9.MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome10.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverD.hasbeenfinished11.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaughtD.hasbeentaught12.Howlong_______he_______?A.did,diedB.has,diedC.has,beendeadD.did,die13.He_______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept14.He_______thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashadD.bought15.--HowlongcanI______thebook?--Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keepReading完形填空ThisisthefamousBattered-BodyTrick(苦肉计)inhistory.One____1_____,ZhouYuwasthinkinghardinthelightabouthowtobeatCaoCao'sarmywhenHuangGaicamein.Hesuggestedattackingwithfire.Well,it'sexactly_____2_____Iwanttodo,saidZhou.ButIneedamantotakefiretoCao'scamp.Huangsaidhewas_____3_____todoit.ThenextmorningZhouYuheldameeting.He____4____hispeopletopreparethreemonths'foodforthecomingbattle.JustthenHuangsaid,Caohasa_____5_____andstrongerarmythanwedo.Sowecan'twin.Whynot_____6_____thisandaskforpeace?ZhouYugotangry,Myresponsibility(职责)istofightwithCao.Whydoyousaysuchwords?Comeon!Get_____7_____outandkillhim.AlltheotherpeoplebeggedforHuang.Zhousaidatlast,OK,Iwon'tkillyou._____8_____,you'llhavetogetonehundredarmysticks(军棍)!Huangwasbadlyhurt.Later,HuangsentalettertoCaoandhesaidthathewantedtohelpCao.Beforelong,CaoreceivedanotherletterfromhistwomeninZhou'sarmy,sayingHuangis_____9_____.Inthisway,HuangsucceededinsettingfiretoCao'scamp.SoonCao's
本文标题:初中英语现在完成时
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-1609964 .html