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学校编码:10173分类号密级学号:3460513170UDC法律硕士学位论文消费者个人信息的法律保护研究AResearchonLegalProtectionofConsumersPersonalInformation杜丽诗指导教师姓名:王岩作者年级:2012级论文答辩时间:2015年10月I摘要当前,消费者个人信息的安全一直受到社会关注。消费者个人信息作为新兴的社会资源,极大地帮助了经营者降低经营成本,制定正确决策和扩展市场。而随着社会通信科技的发展,消费者个人信息产业化带给每个人若干种通信交流方式,这些方式在为人们带来便利的同时,也导致了许多困扰。如今,泄露或不正当使用消费者的个人信息现象比较多见,经常有人抱怨说自己的手机垃圾短信不断,垃圾邮件众多,甚至还有些消费者的个人信息因为泄露而引发了许多犯罪案件。个人信息被非法泄露和使用不仅给人们的生活带来诸多不便的同时也对人们的人身财产与个人隐私安全构成严重的威胁。我国2015年的《消费者权益保护法》已经正式实施,这是消费者个人信息保护立法的重要里程碑。但由于司法、行政、立法、执法等方面的缺位,构建完善的消费者个人信息保护机制还言之尚早。2009年,《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(七)》中就严格规定了国家机关单位工作人员牵涉到出售公民个人信息并且情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或拘役并处罚金”。这一规定虽然有助于保护公民的个人信息,但是该规定过于笼统,只规定了“违反国家规定”的情形,所以该规定的实施还离不开具体法律制度的协助。随着这些年个人信息泄露频繁发生,《消费者权益保护法》的最新修订中便规定经营者需承担相应的法律责任。不过比较国外而言,我国对公民个人信息的保护依然存在很多不足。国际上,美日加拿大以及阿根廷、澳大利亚、韩国等国家都寻求保证信息正常流通基础上保障个人信息的安全。《公平信用报告法》、《录像隐私保护法》、《关于消费者财务信息的数据隐私规定》等都是很有力的监控手段。欧盟自1995年颁布《关于自动处理个人数据信息的保护以及此类数据信息自由流动的指令》以来也逐渐形成了较为完整的个人信息保护体系,这些法律为欧盟成员国相关法律规范奠定了坚实基础。由此可见,消费者个人信息的保护在全球各国都受到了重视,许多国家都通过立法体系来保护消费者个人信息。本文主要通过我国消费者个人信息法律保护的研究来提升我国国民个人II信息的安全。首先,本文解释我国消费者个人信息的概念、特征以及侵权的主要表现形式,同时提及到保护的必要性,接着本文深入了解我国现行立法是如何保护消费者个人信息并系统分析目前我国消费者个人信息保护所面临的困难和尴尬。通过考察其它国家及地区对个人信息的保护经验和现状,最终剖析我国立法不足之处后而提出相关的完善建议,希望对我国个人信息方面的立法和相关体系完善有借鉴和指导作用。关键词:消费者个人信息;法律保护;立法体系IABSTRACTThesecurityproblemofconsumerspersonalinformationhasalwaysbeenafocusofsocialconcern.Asanewsocialagencyresource,itgreatlyhelpstheoperatorsreducingtheoperatingcosts,makingrightdecisionsandexpandingmarkets.Nevertheless,withthedevelopmentofsocialcommunicationtechnologyandtheindustrializationofconsumers’personalinformation,peoplehaveseveralkindsofpatternofcommunications,whichbringconvenience,butalsotriggersmanyproblems.Resultinginalargenumberofconsumersinformationleakageandimproperuse.Frequently,peoplecomplainthattheirmobilephonesspammessages,junkemailsconstantly,andeventheleakageofinformationthatcausedcrimes.Thisillegallyleaksandusesincrimecasesbecomingamajorproblemincitizens’lives.Itnotonlybringsinconvenience,butalsoposesaseriousthreattopersonal,propertyandprivacy.Theformalimplementationofthenew‘ConsumerProtectionAct’hasbeenconcernedbythecommunity;thisisthemilestoneoftheconsumers’personalinformationprotectionlegislation.However,duetothelackofjudicial,administrative,reliefandlaw-abiding,itisstillearlytobuildtheperfectmechanism.Earlyin2009,‘CriminalLawAmendmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(7)’intheprescribed‘stateagencyorthefinancial,telecommunications,transportation,education,healthcareandotherunitsofstaff,inviolationoftheprovisionofthestate,theunitintheperformanceoftheirdutiesorprovideservicesintheprocessofthepersonalinformationofcitizens,soldorprovidedtoothersillegally,ifthecircumstancesareserious,withapenalizeofimprisonmentorcriminaldetentionoflessthanthreeyears,andafineorsinglefinetoforfeit.Thisprovisionwhilehelpingtoprotectcitizenpersonalinformation,butitwaytoogeneral,onlythesituationof‘inviolationoftherelevantprovisionofthestate’,sotheimplementationoftheprovisionsisalsoinseparablefromthespecificlegalIIassistance.Withtheincreasingofthepersonalinformationleakage,theeffectiveoftheprotectionismoreandmoreneeded.Inthelatestrevisionof‘ConsumerProtectionLawAct’,includestheprotectionandprovidestheobligationsandcorrespondinglegalresponsibilityoftheoperators.Yettakeaseriouslookatthenew‘ConsumerProtectionLawAct’,itstillinalowerlevelinourcountry,therelevantlegislationstillhasmanyproblems.TheUnitedStates,Japan,Canada,Argentina,Australia,SouthKoreaandothercountrieshaverelevantlegislationtosafeguardthesoftyofconsumerpersonalinformation.Forexample,TheUSisseekingtoensurebalancebetweeninformationcirculationandprotectionofthesecurityofpersonalinformationlegislationthoughundertheguidanceoftheformulationofmultiplelaws,mainlyincludethe‘FairCreditReportingAct’,‘theVideoPrivacyProtectionAct’,‘Consumerfinanceinformationdataprivacyrules’,etc.TheEuropeanUnionastheearliestattentiontoregionalorganizationfortheprotectionofpersonaldata,since1995promulgatedthe‘automaticprocessingofpersonaldataprotectiondirectiveoffreeflowofinformationandthedata’,aftermorethantenyearsofdevelopmentformattedacompletelegalsystem,notonlyunifiedthemembernations’substantivelaw,alsodevelopedrelevantdomesticlawsandregulationsforEUmemberstateslaidthefoundation.Thus,inmanycountries,thePPIofconsumersgetsmoreattention,theyformulatedtherelevantlegislativesystemtoprotectit,theoperatorestablishesasenseofself-disciplineconsciouslyabidebythelawsandregulationsisrequired,notonlytoconsidertheirowninterests,butalsotoconsidertheconsumer’slegitimaterightandinterests,protecttheconsumersvulnerableposition.Tosumup,thisstudyoflegalprotectionofconsumerspersonalinformationanalyzestheconceptofpersonalinformationforourconsumerscharacteristics,theformsofinfringementandprotection,anddiscussesthenecessityofunderstandingIIIourlegislationtoprotectconsumers’personalinformation,thelegalprotectionsystemanalysisofconsumers’personalinformationinourcountrycurrentdifficulties,clearthenecessityoflegalprotectionofpersonalinformationtoconsumers,atthesametime,throughtheinvestigationinothercountriesandregionsonconsumers’
本文标题:消费者个人信息的法律保护研究
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