国有权集中对中国工业绩效影响的实证分析

第6卷第2期上海财经大学学报Vol.6No.22004年4月JournalofShanghaiUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsApr2004:F4013:A:10090150(2004)02000309唐要家1,唐春晖2(1,110036;2,110034):本文的实证分析表明,不同的国家所有权集中度对中国工业产业绩效有着重要的影响国家所有权垄断是与较高的垄断利润和较低的生产效率紧密连在一起的国家所有权垄断并不具有经济效率意义上的合理性非国家所有权进入和带来的市场竞争会明显促进产业经济效率的提高因此,打破国家所有权垄断,降低非国家所有权的行业进入壁垒,创造不同所有权公平竞争的市场,用竞争的所有权结构代替垄断的所有权结构是中国工业组织绩效改进的重要基础:国家所有权;垄断;集中度;产业绩效,?CR8(1959)(1966),,1995,37,1995CR870%768%,CR870%,,,,(,1997),,,,,:20031120:!(CES0206):(1971-),,,;(1972-),,,,,,,,!,,,??,,,,,∀,,,X∀!(Leibenstein,1967)(1975),,(),,(1954),,GNP01%,(1978)6%~13%(1975),,30%,,,(1999),:,272,60%,43,(2002),GDP17%~27%,(1999),,,(2003),,:,,,,,,,,42004,1995,C∀D,,,,,,,1,,:A75%,;B55%~75%;C40%~55%;D40%A,CD,,,,,1,19958,,,,11995A75%8;;;;;;;B55%~75%4;;;C40%~55%8;;;;;;;D40%19;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:#1995∃#1996∃522%,,,221995(%)ABCDCD158685977370373880491055452654013521145872786829:=/,=/,=(++)/:12,215149163,,,,,:,,,?,,,,,,CD,:=(-)&,199543366∋,163493267%,1544612283%,5494686079%,,,,;,,,3,?,SCP(Bain,1959;Shepherd,1980)!,,!62004;(Demsetz,1973)!,,,,,,,,,,,,C∀DY=AetKL,:LnY=LnA+t+LnK+LnL+u1993~2001(Y)(K)(L),SPSS,=065,=035,:TFP=exp[LnY-LnK-LnL]1993~2001331993~2001ABCDCDKPLPTFPKPLPTFPKPLPTFPKPLPTFPKPLPTFP19931.045.252.132.608.544.593.446.184.923.145.434.433.245.684.6019941.896.932.222.569.034.244.539.906.352.706.563.933.317.754.2519950.977.522.061.949.963.572.418.103.832.838.224.272.678.174.1019960.928.692.071.3511.042.902.549.384.112.659.914.322.619.724.2419970.8910.042.101.5012.073.142.3010.253.922.3111.514.102.3111.034.0319980.738.581.731.0715.322.712.0213.253.892.6318.955.242.3916.594.7019990.5912.871.721.3117.363.232.1215.674.263.1718.405.862.7117.375.1820000.7817.922.361.4322.113.752.2518.984.782.6423.125.682.5021.585.3520010.7819.602.412.4241.976.582.4223.355.372.1722.594.942.2622.875.090.9510.822.091.8016.383.862.6712.784.602.6914.464.752.6713.424.67:KP,/;LP,/;TFP:#∃,:,,,22372,,,,,28,,,,,,,,/,,,,,,,,,4,,,,,,,,,,,??:LnY=A+LnK+LnL+SATE(1)LnY=A+LnK+LnL+NSATE(2)TFP=A+SATE(3)TFP=A+NSATE(4)LnY,LnK,LnL,SATE,,NSATE(1)(2);(3)(4)TFP4820044LnYTFP(1)(2)(3)(4)1.04(0.004)-0.41*(-2.163)8.27*(24.357)0.42*(-3.14)LnK0.48*(2.032)0.53*(2.706)LnL0.88*(3.753)0.90*(3.985)SATE-3.56*(-2.782)-9.62*(-13.066)NSATE3.26*(3.053)0.71*(13.567)R20.9820.9830.92190.924DW1.4781.4371.5171.478F268.817290.696170.732184.073:#2002∃,TFP3,t*5%,,,TFP,TFP,TFP,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,92,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,102004:48,()()6,1963,(CR8(40)(CR840%),(CR8(70%)(40%)CR870%);(20%)CR840%)(CR820%)%,,,∋:(15.86%-7.38)&5149.3=436.66:[1]Anderson,LeeandMurrell.Competitionandprivatizationamidstweakinstitutions:evidencefrommongolia[J]EconomicInquiry,38:527-49,2000.[2]Bain.Industrialorganization[M]NewYork:wiley,1968.[3]Bain.Anoteonpricinginmonopolyandoligopoly[J]AmericanEconomicReview,39(1),448-69,1949.[4]Boycko.Whenhigherincomesreducewelfare:queues,laborsupply,andmacroeconomicequilibriuminsocialisteconomies[J]QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,107:907-920.1992.[5][M]:,1997.[6][J],2003,(1).[7][M]:,,1999.[8]:[J],2002,(1).[9][M]:,1993.[10];[J],2002,(5).AnEmpiricalAnalysisoftheEffectsoftheConcentrationofStateownedOwnershiponIndustrialPerformanceinChinaTANGYaojia1,TANGCunhui2(1.SchoolofInternationalBusinessAdministration,LiaoningUniversity,Liaoning110036,China;2.SchoolofTourism,ShenyangNormalUniversity,Liaoning110036,China)Abstract:TheempiricalanalysisshowsthatvariousstateownedownershiphasimportanteffectsonindustrialperformanceinChina.Stateownedownershipgoeswithhighermonopolyprofitandlowerproductefficiency.Stateownedownershipisnotrationalinthesenseofeconomicefficiency.Theentryofnonstateownedownershipandcompetitionitleadstowillobviouslyimproveindustrialperformance.Therefore,breakingstateownedownershipmonopolyandloweringtheentrybarrierfornonstateownedownershipisanimportantfoundationfortheimprovementofperformanceoftheindustrialorganizationinChinatocreateamarketforfaircompetitionamongdifferentownershipsoastoreplacemonopolizingownershipstructurewithcompetitiveownershipstructure.Keywords:stateownedownership;monopoly;concentration;industrialperformance112