architecture(建筑)

UnitNineteenTheArchitectureFeatureTheArchitectureFeaturePassageonePassagetwoPassagethreeTheareaofThreeGorgeswithwatersandmountainsisoneofbirthplacesofChinesenations.Duringalonghistory,thetraditionalculturesandgeographicalfeaturesinvest（赋予）itsarchitecture（建筑）withparticularglamour（迷人的魅力）:Soancientandnumerous（极多的）,somysterious（神秘的）andprime（最好的）.Inadditiontoover50ruins（废墟）oftheOldStoneAge,above80ruinsoftheNewStoneAge,morethan100ruinsoftheancientnatives（当地人）ofBaCountry,about470ruinsfromHanDynastytoanother6dynastiesaswellasnumerousancientgravegroups,nowthereare453placesofhistoryrelics（文物）ontheground,dealtwithorsavedonlyinthesubmerged（淹没的）districtdueto（由于）theThreeGorgesProject.Thearchitecturalrelicscontaintheclassificationssuchasancientbuildings,stoneinscriptions,trails（崎岖小径）onthecliff（悬崖）,roadsfordrawingboats,bridges,towersandmemorialarchways（纪念的拱门）,etc.Forinstance,theearliestChinesebuildingontheground—HanquebuiltinHanDynastyinZhongCounty,ShibaozhaiconstructedinMingDynastyinZhongzhouTown,ZhangFeiTemplerebuiltinQingDynasty,anancienttownDachanginWuMountain,QuYuanTempleandJiangduTempleinZiguiCounty,morethan300buildingsincludingresidencecomplexesandsooncreatedinMingDynastyandQingDynasty,etc.InThreeGorgesarea,thereisthehorrifying(令人恐怖的)GuimenguaninFengduTown,thehydrographic（水文的）wonderBaiheRidge(梁),mysterious（神秘的）trails（崎岖的小径）oncliffs,surprisingmilitarystrongholds（军寨）liketheGreatWall,Baidichenginafairyland,ZhixiPavilion（亭）inapoeticenvironment,theresident（居住的）Diaojiaohousesunique（独有的）totheTujianationality,thesolemn（庄严的）HuanglingTempleandsoon.OnlyinYichangCity,thereistheimmutable（岿然）ZhengjianggePavilion,thegrandTianranTower,the5greatbridgesontheYangtzeRiverlikerainbows,thedragonfossils（化石）museumlikemagic（魔力的）box,theBingjingParkwell-knownastheFirstGardenontheBanksofYangtzeRiver,thefamousGezhoubaHydropowerProjectwiththeFirstGateintheWorldthen,thebiggestextant（现存的）irontowerpreservedbestinYuquanTemple,thebiggestandmostadvanced（先进的）shiplift（升船机）oftheshiplock（船闸）intheworld,theQingjianghydroelectricstationsliketerraces（阶地）andtheThreeGorgesProjectwithworldwidefame(名誉).ItisinThreeGorgesdistrictthatChinesecivilizations（文明）arereflected（反映）fromthevisible（可见的）constructions（建筑）asnationaltreasures!依山傍水的三峡地区是中华民族的发祥地之一，历史悠久，而人文地理更赋予其建筑独特魅力：古而多，奇而最。且不论50多处旧石器时代的遗址、80多处新石器时代的遗址、100多处古代巴人的遗址、470多处汉至六朝的遗址和众多古墓葬群等，仅在三峡工程淹没区抢救中的地面文物点，就有453处，含古建筑、石刻、栈道、纤道、桥梁、塔、牌坊等类别。例如我国最早地面建筑物忠县的汉阙，忠州明代的石宝寨，云阳清代的张飞庙，巫山大昌古镇，建筑特色秭归的屈原祠及江渎庙，300多处明清民居群等建筑。三峡，有恐怖丰都鬼门关，有水文奇观白鹤梁；有神秘峭壁古栈道，有形似长城古兵寨；有画域仙岛白帝城，有诗境飘然至喜亭；有巴人风情吊脚楼,有庄严古朴黄陵庙。仅在宜昌市就有：巍峨镇江阁，雄伟天然塔；彩虹般五座长江大桥、魔盒样龙化石博物馆；桂冠“万里长江第一园”的滨江画廊，镶嵌“天下第一门”的葛洲坝船闸；我国现存最大和保存最好的玉泉古铁塔，世界规模最大和难度最高的三峡升船机；梯级开发的清江水电站，举世无双的三峡水利枢纽工程。正是：数华夏文明还看三峡国宝建筑！Passage1AnArchitecturalMiracleintheWorld---ShibaozhaiForty-fivekilometersawayfromZhongCounty,inChongqingCity,Shibaozhai(StoneTreasureVillage)isonthepeakofisolatedYuyingHill(JadeSignetHill)risingsteeplyonthenorthbankoftheYangtzeRiver.Shibaozhaiisared,woodentowerwith12floors,leaningagainstthecliffandfacingthewater.Itis56metershigh,andeachfloorretractsalittlehaving3sideswith4eaves.Thesplendidstructure,whosedesignisexquisite,takesitstendencyalongthehillsandlookslikeafairyland.Shibaozhaiisregardedasoneofthe8architecturalmiraclesintheworld.ShibaozhaiwasnamedandbuiltfirstlyinWanliAge,MingDynasty,becauseofTanHong’suprisingandoccupationofthevillage.AnantiquestreetcalledShibaojieisunderthetowerandthetraditionalbuildingconsistsofatowerdoor,towerfloorsandastonetempleonthetop.Thecolorfultowerdoorwiththewords“XiaoPenglai(SmallParadise)”and“TiYunZhishang(GoStraightUpWithLadders)”onit,ismadeofbricksandstones,whichis6metershigh.Peoplecanreachthesummitbysteppingonthewindingstairsinthebuilding.Oneachfloortherearealotofancientstoneinscriptions,portraitsorpoemsondisplay,andthroughthewindowsofeachfloor,thevariablescenicYangtzeRiverappearsinfullview.Visitorsspiralupandgetintheancientstonetemple“LanRuoDian(OrchidlikeTemple)”onthetop.Inthemainhallofthetemple,afigureofthegeneralcalledBaManziinancientBaCountryisconsecrated.Thepeakofthehill,230metersabovesealevel,isastoneyardcoveringanareaof1200squaremeters.Appreciatingthemistyscenery,youwouldfeelreallyrefreshedandopen-mindedimmediately.ShibaozhaiisauniquetowermadebymeansofChuandouSkillswithitsspecialstructuralstyleinChina,amongtherareprecioushighbuildingsofwoodenstructuresinexistence.Itisatypicallocalbuilding,asymboloffolkarchitecturaltechnologyinSouthChina,andapricelesstreasureintheworld.Notes:1.屋顶是中国古代建筑造型中最主要的部分，重要的建筑都以斗拱挑出檐口，在屋檐转角处形成翼角起翘。eavesn.:overhangingedgesofaroofThepavilionisanancientbuildingwithsixeavesandtwelvepillars.这个亭子是一个六角十二柱的古典建筑。Icicleswerehangingfromtheeaves.屋檐上下垂的冰柱2.Thesmokespiralledup.烟雾盘旋而上。Pricesarestillspiraling.物价仍然盘旋上涨。Therocketwentupinaspiral.火箭盘旋着上升。3Wecan’texistwithoutfoodandwater.没有食物和水我们不能生存。DoeslifeexistonMars?火星上有生命吗？Doyoubelieveintheexistenceofghosts?你相信有鬼吗？ThisistheoldestHebrewmanuscriptinexistence.这是现存最早的希伯来文手抄本。4.石宝寨是我国惟一的一座穿斗式木结构高层建筑，为了保护好这个“国宝”，文物工作者费尽周折，几次修改保护方案。根据玉印山地形地质条件和三峡库区蓄水后江水水位将比石宝寨寨门高的情况，决定沿着石宝寨四周筑一道巨型围堤，使其形成一个巨大的石盆，