植物类胡萝卜素生物合成及功能

ChinaBiotechnology20113111107-1132010-12-202011-08-29*2009ZX08003－019B、2008ZX08003－005、2008ZX08004－001、2009ZX08010－013B＊＊[e-mail]*＊＊300072、、。Q81、、、。1。、、2-3。4-5。6。7。β-、、、、、AA8。、、9。、、、、1011。。。1408。mevalonateMVA2-C--D--4-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphateMEP。Zhan12isopentenyChinaBiotechnologyVol.31No.112011diphosphateIPPMEPIPPdimethylallyldiphosphateDMAPP。MEPIPP、、、、、。IPPDMAPPgeranylgeranyldiphosphatesynthaseGGPS20geranylgeranyldiphosphateGGPPGGPP———。phytoenesynthasePSYGGPP15--。phytoenedesaturasePDSζ-ζ-carotenedesaturaseZDS4PDS9159'--ζ-ζ-ζ-caroteneisomeraseZISO99'--ζ-13carotenoidisomersaseCRTISO1114。、。C40H5611215。11．kagome．com．cnFig.1Thestructureandcrystaloflycopeneβ-、ε-。β-lycopeneβ-cyclaseLYCBβ-β-2。2β-．kagome．com．cnFig.2Thestructureandcrystalofβ-Caroteneβ-。、、、、、。β-、、163。3δ-Fig.3Thestructureofδ-caroteneε-lycopeneε-cyclaseLYCEε-δ-3。δ-LYCBβ-α-。α-、417。4α-Fig.4Thestructureofα-caroteneβ-、α-、γ-β-β-AA。β-β-β-carotenehydroxylaseBCHβ-β-cryptoxanthinzeaxanthin80120113111α-P450ε-carotenehydroxylaseCYP9718-20。21-22。antheraxanthinviolaxanthindezeaxanthinepoxidaseZEP。、、、。α-、、、、、、、、5。2、。28。。2.1。PSY2GGPP40、15--。PSYGGPP“”PSY。PSYPSY1、PSY2、PSY3。PSY1mRNAPSY1PSY2PSY329PSY30。PSY-1GGPPPSY-1GGPP31。PSY2.571μg/gFWFreshweightFWβ-32。β-β-。ABA。、。PSYGGPP“”GGPPMEP1--5-1-deoxy-D-xylulose5-phosphatesynthaseDXS1--D--5-1-deoxy-D-xylulose5-phosphateDXPIPP。DXS241.533。。2.2。LYCBLYCELYCBβ-LYCBLYCEα-。901ChinaBiotechnologyVol.31No.112011523-27Fig.5ThecarotenoidbiosyntheticpathwayNamesofcompoundsareinblueandnamesofenzymesareinblack．GA3P3-PyruvateDXS1--5-DXR1--5-HDRMEP2-C--D--4-IPPCytokininsIPPIDMAPPGGPPPhylloquinoneK1TocopherolsChlorophyllsGibberellinsPSY15-cis-Phytoene15--PDS915-cis-Phytoene915--9159'-tri-cis-ζ-Carotene9159'--ζ-ZISOζ-99'-di-cis-ζ-Carotene99'--ζ-ZDSζ-799'-tri-cis-Neurosporene799--797'9'-trtra-cis-Lycopene797'9'--CRTISOall-trans-LycopeneLYCEε-δ-Caroteneδ-LYCBβ-α-Caroteneα-CYP97ACYP97CP450Luteinγ-Caroteneγ-β-Caroteneβ-CHY1、CHY2ZeaxanthinZEPViolaxanthinNXSNeoxanthinABA01120113111、、。LYCBβ-71。Rosati34LYCBβ-3.8。Dharmapuri35LYCBβ-12。。β-β-CaroteneketolasecrtW18.6、、36。2009Aluru28β-PCC6803β-caroteneketolasecrtOZEP3'-、。Li29crtWLYCB、。LYCBcrtW。PDSβ-3ZDSLYCB。。LYCE2004Kato37LYCBLYCE。LYCBLYCEα-β-。。2.3、、、、、、38。。、39。2006Lu40Orgranule-boundstarchsynthaseGBSS25μg/gDW6。Jayaraj40β-2.4mg/g。Maass15Apel41858μg/gDWdryweightDW。3。。A。。1Demmig-AdamsBAdamsWW．Theroleofxanthophyllcyclecarotenoidsintheprotectionofphotosynthesis．TrendsPlantSci1996121-26．2AugustCFShizueMBirgitO．Photoinhibitioncarotenoidcompositionandtheco-regulationofphotochemicalandnon-photochemicalquenchinginneotropicalsavannatrees．TreePhysiol2007275717-725．111ChinaBiotechnologyVol.31No.1120113McNultyHPByunJLockwoodSFetal．DifferentialeffectsofcarotenoidsonlipidperoxidationduetomembraneinteractionsX-raydiffractionanalysis．Biochim．BiophysActa200717681167-174．4Gomez-RoldanVFermasSBrewerPBetal．Strigolactoneinhibitionofshootbranching．Nature20084557210189-194．5UmeharaMHanadaAYoshidaSetal．Inhibitionofshootbranchingbynewterpenoidplanthormones．Nature20084557210195-200．6OlsonJA．NeedsandsourcesofcarotenoidsandvitaminA．NutrRev1994522Pt2S67-73．7FraserPDBramleyPM．Thebiosynthesisandnutritionalusesofcarotenoids．ProgLipidRes2004433228-265．8HarrisonEH．MechanismsofdigestionandabsorptionofdietaryvitaminAAnnuRevNutr2005257-103．9RaoARaoL．Carotenoidsandhumanhealth．Pharmacol．Res200755207-216．10LandrumJBoneR．Luteinzeaxanthinandthemacularpigment．ArchBiochemBiophys2001385128-40．11KrinskyNLandrumJBoneA．BiologicmechanismsoftheprotectiveroleofLuteinandzeaxanthinintheeye．AnnuRevNutr200323171-201．12ZhanAYYouXLZhanYG．Biosyntheticpathwayandapplicationsofplantterpenoidisoprenoid．LettersinBiotechnology2010211131-13513LiFMurilloCWurtzelET．MaizeY9encodesaproductessentialfor15-ciszeta-caroteneisomerization．PlantPhysiol20071441181-1189．14BreitenbachJSandmannG．zeta-Carotenecisisomersasproductsandsubstratesintheplantpoly-ciscarotenoidbiosyntheticpathwaytolycopenePlanta2005220785-793．15MaassDArangoJWüstFetal．CarotenoidCrystalFormationinArabidopsisandCarrotRootsCausedbyIncreasedPhytoeneSynthaseProteinLevels．JournalofChemicalTechnologyandBiotechnology2009842215-222．16ChuBSIchikawaSKanafusaSetal．Preparationofprotein-stabilizedβ-carotenenanodispersionsbyemulsification-evaporationmethodJournaloftheAmericanOilChemists'Society200784111053-1062．17HirschbergJ．Caritenoidbiosynthesisinfloweringplants．CurrtOpinPlantBiol20014210-218．18KimJDellaPennaD．DefiningtheprimaryrouteforluteinsynthesisinplantstheroleofArabidopsiscarotenoidb-ringhydroxylaseCYP97A3．ProcNatlAcadSciUSA20061033474-3479．19QuinlanRFJaradatTTWurtzelET．EscherichiacoliasaplatformforfunctionalexpressionofplantP450carotenehydroxylases．ArchBiochemBiophys20074582146-157．20KimJEChengKMCraftNEetal．Over-expressionofArabidopsisthalianacarotenoidhydroxylasesindividuallyandincombinationwithabeta-caroteneketolaseprovidesinsightintoinvivofunctions．Phytochemistry2010712-3168-178．21MiguelFMartínAMatteaFetal．Precipitationofluteinandco-precipitationofluteinandpoly-lacticacidwiththesupercriticalan