大功率永磁同步电机运行谐波分析与抑制方法研究

大功率永磁同步电机运行谐波分析与抑制方法研究重庆大学硕士学位论文学生姓名：甄帅导师姓名：廖勇教授专业：电气工程学科门类：工学重庆大学电气工程学院二O一一年五月AnalysisandStudyofHarmonicSuppressionofHigh-powerPermanentMagnetSynchronousMotorAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringByZhenShuaiSupervisedbyLiaoYongSpecialty:ElectricalEngineeringCollegeofElectricalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,Chongqing,ChinaMay,2011重庆大学硕士学位论文中文摘要I摘要由于气隙磁场的畸变和逆变器的非线性特性使永磁同步电机电流中含有大量高次谐波，电流波形发生畸变，导致电机电磁转矩脉动，限制了永磁同步电动机在宽范围调速、高精度的位置、速度控制场合的应用。分析以及抑制永磁同步电机运行谐波，减小永磁同步电机输出电磁转矩脉动已经成为国内外研究的重点。针对这一问题，本文在经过详细的分析以及系统理论推导后，提出了一种以注入谐波电压的方式来抑制永磁同步电机运行谐波的控制方式。首先在分析永磁同步电机的基本工作原理，建立永磁同步电机的数学模型的基础上；详细分析了永磁同步电机产生运行谐波的原因，推导得出了永磁同步电机谐波数学模型，并提出了一种新颖的谐波抑制算法。该算法在谐波dq轴系下实现实时提取电机相电流中谐波分量，通过加入谐波电流环的方式，实现对谐波电流的闭环控制，得到精确的谐波电压分量，并将得到的谐波电压分量注入到永磁同步电机调速系统中的三相控制电压中，抵消电机运行时电机电流中的谐波分量，实现对谐波电流分量的抑制，改善了电机电流波形，抑制了电机电磁转矩脉动。以该谐波抑制算法为基础，在MATLAB/Simulink下搭建仿真模型进行对比仿真验证，并提出了基于数字信号处理器(DSP-TMS320F2812)的永磁同步电机驱动系统设计方案；完成了驱动系统控制器的硬软件设计和系统调试。通过加入谐波抑制环节与未加入谐波抑制环节调速系统的比较仿真及实验，验证了该算法对抑制大功率永磁同步电机运行谐波和减小永磁同步电机输出电磁转矩脉动的有效性。该算法不需要增加任何硬件和离线实验测量，具有较强的灵活性和适应性。本文所做的研究工作，为进一步提高永磁同步电动机调速性能奠定了理论基础，扩展了永磁同步电动机的应用范围。关键词：谐波电流；谐波抑制；转矩脉动；永磁同步电动机重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IIABSTRACTDuetothedistortionofair-gapmagneticfieldandthenonlinearcharacteristicsofinverter,thecurrentofPMSMmaycontainalargenumberofhigh-orderharmoniccurrents,resultingthecurrentwaveformdistortionandmotorelectromagnetictorqueripple.TorqueripplehasmadethePMSMlesssuitableforadjustable-speeddriveinawiderangeandhighperformancepositionandspeedapplications.AnalysisandsuppressionPMSMrunningharmonic,reducingthePMSMoutputsharmonicelectromagnetictorquehasbecomethefocusofpresentdomesticandinternationalresearch.Inordertosolvethisproblem,afterdetailedanalysisandthederivationofsystemstheory,inthispaper,anovelharmonicsuppressionwasproposed.BasedonanalyzingthebasicworkingprincipleofPMSMandestablishmentofPMSMmathematicalmodel,thispaperhadanalyzeddetaillythegenerationwhichcausedthePMSMrunningharmonicanddeducedamathematicalharmonicmodelofPMSM.Anovelharmonicsuppressionalgorithm,inthispaper,wasproposed.Harmoniccomponentinthemotorphasecurrentwasextractedinreal-timeunderharmonicdqsynchronousrotatingcoordinateshaft.Theclosed-loopcontrolofharmoniccurrentwasachievedbyaddingharmoniccurrentloop.Harmonicvoltagewasobtainedaccuratly,andinjecteditintothethree-phasecontrolvoltageofthespeedcontrolsystemPMSM.Motorcurrentharmonicsinthemotorcomponentswereoffseted.Themotorcurrentwaveformwasimprovedandthemotorharmoniccurrentandelectromagnetictorqueripplewassuppressedeffectively.UnderMATLAB/Simulink,thispaperestablishedsimulationmodelstructuresonthebaseoftheharmonicsuppressionalgorithmandhadsomecomparisonoftheresultsofsimulation.AnditproposedthedesignofthePMSMdrivesystemwhichbasedondigitalsignalprocessor(DSP-TMS320F2812),completedthedrivesystemcontrollerhardwareandsoftwaredesignandsystemdebugging.Byaddingtheharmonicharmonicpartornot,thecomparisonoftheresultsofsimulationandexperimentshowedthatthealgorithmwaseffectivetosuppressharmonicsandreducetheoutputtorquerippleofthehigh-powerPMSMsystem.Thisalgorithmismoreflexibleandadaptable,withoutinvolvinganyadditionalhardwareandoff-lineexperimentalmeasurement.Theworkofthispaperlaidthetheoreticalfoundationforfurtherimprovingthe重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IIIperformanceofPMSM,expandingthescopeofapplicationofpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotor.KEYWORDS：harmoniccurrent；harmonicsuppression；torqueripple；permanentmagnetsynchronousmotor重庆大学硕士学位论文目录IV目录中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................I英文摘要........................................................................................................................................II1绪论..............................................................................................................................................11.1引言.............................................................................................................................................11.2永磁同步电动机的特点和应用.................................................................................................11.2.1永磁同步电动机及其优势..............................................................................................11.2.2电力电子器件的发展......................................................................................................31.2.3电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术..........................................................................................31.3永磁同步电动机的运行谐波.....................................................................................................41.3.1永磁同步电动机的转矩脉动产生原因与分类...............................................................41.3.2国内外永磁同步电动机谐波抑制的研究现状...............................................................51.3.3永磁同步电动机运行时谐波电流对电机运行的危害....................................................61.4本文的主要内容.........................................................................................................................72永磁同步电机基本原理及其控制方式.........