外研版九年级英语上被动语态

被动语态一．概念表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。二．被动语态的用法(1)动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by短语。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.(3)突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。三．构成形式由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时肯定句主语+am/is/are+done(过去分词)主语+was/were+done主语+shall/willbe+done主语+begoingtobedone否定句主语+am/is/are+not+done主语+was/were+notdone主语+shall/willbe+notdone一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+done？Was/Were+主语+done?Will/Shall+主语+be+done?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done?特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+done?特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+bedone?四．主动语态变被动语态的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.↓↓↓执行者动词承受者→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.↓↓承受者谓语by+执行者1).把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2).把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3).把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。五．被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.六．注意事项：1.不及物动词没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)2.系动词没有被动语态：look,feel,sound,smell,taste….如：Thedishtastesgood.3.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell.4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.如：Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtoberepaired练习一．出下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态1、Novelsentrancemanyreaders.2、Whenwillyoupaintyourhouse?3、Thecheckwillbedeliveredwhentheyareready.4、Manycountriesareexperiencingdrought.5、Manycountrieshaveexperienceddrought.二：将下列句子变为被动语态1.Wewatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.2.Thewindblewhishatdownthestreet3.Theyaskmetohelpthem.4.Hefoundthedoorclose.5.TheywillsendCyriltoprison.6.Thesecretarywillmailtheseletterstomorrow.7.Someoneoughttowashthosedishesrightway.8.Thefactoryproduced5000carseveryday.9.Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.10.NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.三．选择()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Greatchanges______inChina.A.arehappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Thesebooks______.Somanypeopleareinterestedinthem.A.aresoldwellB.sellwellC.sellgoodD.sellbadly()8.Neitherofthem______inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made()9.Ifsmalltrees______,theywillgrowupquickly.A.takegoodcareofB.takegoodcareC.aretakengoodcareofD.aretakengoodcare()10.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn()11.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()12.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()14.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()15.HesaysthatMrZhang_____tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()16.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()17.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()18.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter四．用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空1.When_____thefirstman-madesatellite______(send)upintospace?2.Lastyearvegetables______(grow)inthegardenbyTomandhe_____(sell)themhimself.3.She______(help)himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening.4.Howmanymagazines______(canborrow)inyourlibraryeveryweek?5.John______(hear)togoupstairstwohoursago.6.－Who_____(save)herfather?－He_____(save)bythatpoliceman.7.Thedoctor_____(sendfor)becausehisgrandpawasill.8.Mooncakes______(make)byhismothereveryyear.______yourmother_____(make)mooncakesforyoueveryyear?9.Sometoys______(buy)asapresentsforthesechildrenlastMonday.10._____paper______(make)ofwood?