WTO反倾销机制与中国反倾销立法之完善

___1___WTOAnti-dumpingRulesandChina’sLegislationImprovement___2______3______4______5______6______7______8______9______10______11______12______13______14______15______16______17______18______19______20______21______22______23______24______25______26______27______28______29______30______31______32______33______34______35______36______37______38______39______40______41______42______43______44______45______46______47______48______49______50______51___AbstractAnti-dumpingisonekindofprotectivemeasureoftradewhichiswidelyacceptedbyWTOandallthecountriesintheworld.SincetheAnti-dumpingofCanadawasmadein1904,thelegislationofanti-dumpinglawwentthroughfromdomesticlegislationtointernationallegislation.Andthenitdevelopedtothestagethatdomesticlegislationwasrestrictedbyinternationallegislation.TheWTOAgreementonAnti-dumpingwhichisregardedastheinternationalanti-dumpinglawwasreachedduringtheUruguayround.Itwasdevelopedfromthearticle6ofGATT.Itwaslargelyinfluencedbytheanti-dumpinglawsoftheU.SE.UandCanada.Ourcountryisthelargestvictimizedcountryinthefield.Ononehand,ourcountryhasbeenfrequentlyinvestigatedandpunishedinthefieldofanti-dumpingbyforeigncountries.Ontheotherhand,ourcountryhasnotstrikenapowerfulcounterblowtothedumpingactionsconductedbyforeigncountries.Inordertomakethesituationbetter,wemustanalysetheproblemsofouranti-dumpinglegislationthoroughlyandimprovethelegislationaccordingtothespiritofWTOanti-dumpingrulesandinternationalcustoms.Thewriterofthearticlehasmadeeveryefforttopointouttheproblemsexistedinouranti-dumpinglegislation.On___52___thebasisofthis,theauthorhastriedhisbesttoputforwardhisownideasabouthowtoimproveChina’santi-dumpinglegislation.Thearticleisdividedintofourparts:Thefirstpart:thebriefintroductionofWTOanti-dumpingrules.Thewriterprovidedusanoverallintroductionofdumpingandanti-dumpingrulesbyanalyzingthedefinitionandcharactersofdumping,theintensiontheenforcementandthedevelopmentofanti-dumpinglaw.Thearticle6ofGATTandtheWTOAgreementonAnti-dumpingisthemainpartofWTOanti-dumpinglaw.Moreover,theWTOAgreementonAnti-dumpingisthekeypartwhichiscomposedofthedeterminationofdumpingthedeterminationofharmtheinvestigativeprocessofanti-dumpingandtheWTODisputeSettlementProcedures.WTOanti-dumpinglawwasformedonthebasisofdomesticlaws,(especiallytheanti-dumpinglawsofdevelppedstates).ItdemandsthelegislationofthepartiesofWTOmatchtherulesofWTOanti-dumpinglawonthewhole.Itisthepremiseforustoimproveouranti-dumpinglegislationtoanalysisWTOanti-dumpinglawobjectlyandunderstanditexactly.Parttwo:thebriefintroductionofouranti-dumpinglegislation.Theanti-dampinglegislationinourcountryemergedin1994whentheLawofForeignTradefirstmentionedanti-dumpinginarticle30.Butitistoosimpleandabstractcomparedwitharticle6ofGATT.It'stheRegulationofAnti-dumpingandAnti-supplyin1997madethedefinitionofdumpinganddamagesmoreclearanddefinite.In2001,inordertomatchthesituationofenteringWTO,theStateCouncilissuedtheRegulationofAnti-dumping___53___whichisthekeypartofouranti-dumpinglegislation.Comparingwithothercountries,ourpatternofthelegislationisthecomplexlegislationwhichmeansthecombinationofseveralformsincludinglawandregulation.Atthesametime,morerulesbutlessspecificprovisionsandhigherstartingpointisthecharactersofouranti-dumpinglegislation.Thecontentofouranti-dumpinglegislationmainlyincludes:thedefinitionofdumpingthedefinitionofdamagestheinvestigatoryappa-ratustheprocessofinvestigationsanctionmeasuresandthearticleofreciprocity.Thethirdpart:theimprovementandtheproblemsofouranti-dumpinglegislation.TheRegulationofAnti-dumpingof2001madebetterinseveralaspects.Firstly,it'saccordwiththedemandsforpartiesofWTObychangingcomplexlegislationtoparticularpattern.Secondly,theregulationmakesclearandsimplifiesthesubjectsofinvestigationbystipulatinginexplicittermsthattheDepartmentofForeignEconomyandTradeandtheCommitteeofForeignEconomyandTradearetheinvestigatorysubjects.Thirdly,itaddedseveralarticleswhichwerenotmentionedbytheformerregulationof1997butisdemandsregulateverymuchinpractice.Particularly,itintroducedthedefinitionofregionmarketandaddedtheprovisionofjudicialprocess.Fourthly,itspecifiedthearticleswhichweretooabstractandchangedtheoneswhicharenotmatchthesituation.Althoughtheregulationof2001achievedtheaboveimprovements,theauthor'sideaisthatithasnotsettledtheprofoundproblemsofouranti-dumpinglegislationthoroughly.Atfirst,thereasonabilityand___54___impartialityofdumpingandanti-dumpingisaquestionatissuebetweenlegislatorsandlegalfield.Somepersonsstillonlyregardsdumpingasanunfairactionoftrade.Theyarewantingintherecognitionofoneofthecharactersofanti-dumpingwhichiscommercialprotection.Somepersonseventhoughtthatanti-dumpingwilldestroytheachievementsofourreform,influenceourenteringintotheworldmarket.Asaresult,theythinkthemissionoftheanti-dumpinglegislationisonlytocontaindumpingandtomaintaintheregularcommercialorder.Infact,insomedevelopedcountries,theanti-dumpinglawhasbeenalegalmeansofcommercialprotectionforalongtime.Ontheotherhand,it'snotfitforouranti-dumpingsituationafterenteringWTOthatthekeypartofouranti-