国际市场营销教材课后名词解释

InternationalMarketingTermsDefinationEditedbyPengkaiDefination1.Definethefollowingterms:internationalmarketingP9Internationalmarketingistheperformanceofbusinessactivitiesdesignedtoplan,price,promote,anddirecttheflowofacompany'sgoodsandservicetoConsumerorusersinmorethanonenationforaprofit.controllable/uncontrollableelementsP10Theelementsofbusinessenvironmentwhichunder/beyondthethecontrolofcompanies.domestic/foreignuncontrollablesP11Aspectsofthedomestic/foreignenvironmentthatarebeyondthecontrolofcompaniesSRCSelf-ReferenceCriterionP14Anunconsciousreferencetoone'sownculturalvalues,experiences,andknowledgeasabasisfordecision.EthnocentrismP14Thenotionthatpeopleinone’sowncompany,culture,orcountryknowsbesthowtodothings.GlobalAwarenessP16Toleranceofculturaldifferenceandknowledgeofcultures,history,worldmarketpotential,andglobaleconomic,social,andpoliticaltrends.2.DefineGATTP27GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade:(1)tradeshallbeconductedonanon-discriminatoryBasis;(2)protectionshallbeaffordeddomesticindustriesthroughcustomstariffs,notthroughsuchcommercialmeasuresasimportquotas;(3)consultationshallbetheprimarymethodusedtosolveglobaltradeproblems.WTOP28WorldTradeOrganizationIMFP30InternationalMonetaryFund:Stabilizeforeignexchangerates,facilitatetheexpansionandbalancegrowthofinternationaltrade.EMUP36EconomicandMonetaryUnion:AprovisionoftheMaastrichtTreaty,establishedtheparametersofthecreationofacommoncurrencyfortheEU,theeuro,andestablishedatimetableforitsimplemention.NAFTAP39NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement:Marketaccess,Nontariffbarriers,Rulesoforigin,Customsadministration,Investment,Service,Intellectualproperty,Governmentproperty,Governmentprocurement,Standards.ASEAN+3P42AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsplusChina,Japan,andSouthKorea:TodealwithtradeandmonetaryissuesfacingAsia.APECP42Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation:isaforum,farfrombeingafreetradearea.Commongoalsastoopentrade,toincreaseeconomiccollaboration,tosustainregionalgrowthanddevelopment,tostrengthenthemultilateraltradingsystemandtoreducebarrierstoinvestmentandtradewithoutdetrimenttoothereconomics.BEMsP49bigemergingmarkets:Asmallcoreofcountriesthataccountformorethanhalfoftheworldtradegrowthoverthenexttwodecades,thesecountryareidentifiedasBEMs.SeetheirimportanttraitsatPage49,50.BOPMsP48Bottom-of-the-pyramidmarket:Anewconceptintroducedintothediscussionofdevelopingcountriesandmarkets.Theyarenotdefinedbynationalbordersbutratherbythepocketsofpovertyacrosscountries.3.Definethefollowingterms:ManifestDestinyP62BasisofU.S.Foreignpolicy:AmericanswereachosenpeopleordainedbyGodtocreateamodelsociety.Moresuperficially,itreferredtotheterritorialexpansionoftheU.S.fromtheAtlantictothePacific.MonroeDoctrineP62AcornerstoneofearlyU.S.Foreignpolicy,proclaimingthreebasicdicta:nofurtherEuropeancolonizationintheNewworld,abstentionoftheUniteStatesfromEuropeanpoliticalaffairs,andnoninterventionofEuropeangovernmentsinthegovernmentsoftheWesternHemisphere.RooseveltCorollaryP62MonroeDoctrinewithanextensionappliedbyRoosevelt:NotonlywouldtheU.S.Prohibitnon-AmericaninterventioninLatinAmericanaffairs,butitwouldalsopolicetheareaandguaranteethatLatinAmericannationsmettheirinternationalobligations.SustainabledevelopmentP68Ajoinedapproachamongthose(governments),businesses,environmentalists,andtheothers)whoseekeconomicgrowthwithwiseresourcemanagement,equitabledistributionofbenefitsandreductionofnegativeeffortsonpeopleandtheenvironmentsfromtheprocessofeconomicgrows4.DefinethefollowingtermscultureP82Cultureisthehuman-madepartofhumanenvironment----thesumtotalofknowledge,beliefs,art,morals,laws,customs,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbyhumansasmembersofsociety.orP85isthesumofthevalues,rituals,symbols,beliefs,andthoughtprocessesthatarelearnedandsharedbyagroupofpeople,thentransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.culturevalueP92Aculture'svaluesareitsideasaboutwhatisgood,right,fair,andjust.SeeP91—P92howculturevaluesinflunencevarioustypesofbusinessandmarketbehaviorcomesfromseminalworkbyGeertHofstede.culturesensitivityP98Beingattunedtothenuancesofculturesothatanewculturecanbeviewedobjectively,evaluated,andappreciated.linguisticdistanceP95Anewconceptmeasuringtherelationshipbetweenlanguagediffenceandtransactioncost.socialinsititutionsP88socialinstitutionsincludingfamily,religion,school,themedia,governments,andcorporationsalleffecthewaysinwhichpeoplerelatetooneanother,organizetheiractivitiestoliveinharmonywithoneanother,teacheacceptablebehaviourtosucceedinggenerations,andgovernthemselves.culturalborrowingP99culturalborrowingisaresponsibleefforttolearnfromothers’culturalwaysinthequestforbettersolutionstoasociety’sparticularproblems.factualknowledgeP98Astraightfowardfactaboutaculturebutassumesadditionalsignificancewheninterpretedwithinthecontextoftheculture.InterpretiveknowledgeP98Thekindofknowledgemostdependentonpastexperienceforinterpretationandmostfrequentlypronetomisintrepretetaionifone’shomecountryframeofreference(SRC)isused.aestheticsP95Arts,folklore,music,drama,dance,dressandcosmeticsinaculture.strategyofunplan