美国音乐文化介绍(英文)American-music-styles

AmeicanMusicMusicismorethanjustsound---itisawayofthinking!Whenwelistentomusic,singanddance,orplayaninstrument,wearealsobecomingbetterthinkers.Musicintelligenceisoneofoureighthumanintelligences.Wecanlearnlanguagefromsongsandchants咏唱.Somepeoplestudybetterwithmusicon!MusicMusicoftheUnitedStatesThemusicoftheUnitedStatesreflectsthecountry‘smulti-ethnicpopulationthroughadiversearray[ə’rei]一系列ofstyles.Rockandroll摇滚乐,blues,country,rhythm[’riðəm]韵律andjazz节奏爵士,pop流行音乐,andhiphopareamongthecountry'smostinternationally-renownedgenres.TheUnitedStateshastheworld'slargestmusicindustryanditsmusicisheardaroundtheworld.Sincethebeginningofthe20thcentury,someformsofAmericanpopularmusichavegainedanearglobalaudience.StylesofAmericanMusicJazzR&BRockHiphop/rapPopCountrymusicJAZZ-爵士樂Part1JazzJazzisastyleofmusicthatoriginatedatthebeginningofthe20thcenturyinAfricanAmericancommunitiesintheSouthernUnitedStatesfromaconfluence[’kɔnflu:əns]汇集ofAfricanandEuropeanmusictraditions.Fromitsearlydevelopmentuntilthepresent,jazzhasincorporatedmusicfrom19thand20thcenturyAmericanpopularmusic.Origins♫Africanmusicwaslargelyfunctionalforworkorritual,andincludedworksongsandfieldhollers叫喊.♫TheAfricantraditionmadeuseofasingle-linemelody曲调andcall-and-responsepattern,butwithouttheEuropeanconceptofharmony.♫RhythmsreflectedAfricanspeechpatterns,andtheAfricanuseofpentatonic[,pentə’tɔnik]五音的scalesledtobluenotesinbluesandjazz.ElementsofJazz•Jazzisveryhardtodescribebecausetherearenowmanydifferentstylesofjazz.•CommoninstrumentsusedinJazzmusicaretrumpet小号,piano,andsaxophone•Improvisation[ɪm,prɔvɪ’zeɪʃən]即兴创作isakeyelement.Scat-singing拟声唱法isalsocommon.JazzThoughoriginallyakindofdancemusic,jazzhasbeenamajorpartofpopularmusic,andhasalsobecomeamajorelementofWesternclassicalmusic.JazzhasrootsinWestAfricanculturalandmusicalexpression,andinAfricanAmericanmusictraditionsincludingbluesandragtime切分乐曲,aswellasEuropeanmilitarybandmusic.Part2Rock&rollRock&rollmusicisakindoftype,originatedinthe1940sand1950sendofearlyAmericanpop,quicklybecamepopularintheworld.Rockwithitsflexibleboldexpressionandpassionmusicrhythmexpressionofemotion,iswidelyacceptedbytheyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.Rockandrolldevelopedoutofcountry,blues,andR&B.Rock'sexactoriginsandearlyinfluenceshavebeenhotlydebated,andarethesubjectsofmuchscholarship.Thoughsquarelyinthebluestradition,rocktookelementsfromAfro-CaribbeanandLatinmusicaltechniques.Rockwasanurbanstyle,formedintheareaswherediversepopulationsresultedinthemixturesofAfricanAmerican,LatinandEuropeangenresrangingfromthebluesandcountrytopolka波尔卡舞曲andzydeco柴迪科舞曲.Rockandrollfirstenteredpopularmusicthroughastylecalledrockabilly山区乡村摇滚乐(起源于美国东南部),whichfused融合thenascent初期的soundwithelementsofcountrymusic.Black-performedrockandrollhadpreviouslyhadlimitedmainstreamsuccess,butitwasthewhiteperformerElvisPresleywhofirstappealedtomainstreamaudienceswithablackstyleofmusic,becomingoneofthebest-sellingmusiciansinhistory,andbroughtrockandrolltoaudiencesacrosstheworld.•EventhoughRockmusickeepschangingthroughtheyears,thedrumsandelectricguitararealwaysthere.•MostRockfansarewhitepeopleElvisAronPresley：LoveMeTenderHeartbreakHotel猫王BillHaleyBillHaleywascalledthefatherofrock,founderoftherock.BillHaley被称之为摇滚乐之父，也是摇滚乐的创始人。heavymetal重金属coryphaeus[,kɔri’fiəs]主唱者guitar吉他drum-set架子鼓keyboard键盘bass贝斯Crazy疯狂Passion激情Part3CountrymusicCountrymusicisakindofcontemporarypopmusic,originatedinthesouthernUnitedStatesandAppalachiamountains.Countrymusicisrootedinthe1920sfromthetraditionalfolkmusic,integratedwithGospelmusic福音音乐,Celticmusicandclassicalmusic.Themelodyofcountrymusicisgenerallyverysmooth,beautifulandthephrasingstructurealsoissimple.HistoryofCountryMusic♪Inthe1950s,Americanmusicwasaboutotherthings,forexample,loveandmoney.♪Inthe1960s,songswereoftenfullofanger,andsomeofthemmadefunofthepoliticalleaders.♪Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.SongwritersarenolongerwritingaboutthemodernvaluesoftheUSA—money,successorexpensivethingstobuy.Insteadtheyarewritingoncemoreaboutthingsthatarecommonforeveryone.♪mostpopularintheUScountrysideandsomewhatpopularinthecitiesbutnotverypopularoutsidetheUS.♪Commonthemes:lifeinruralAmerica,love,crime,andprisonlife.CountryMusicInstruments•Commoninstrumentsusedincountrymusicincludethefiddle(violin),banjo[’bændʒəʊ]班卓琴/五弦琴,andslide-guitar滑棒吉他.Todaycountrymusichasbecomeabigbusiness.Itbringsinalotofmoney.Now,ithasreachedallpartsoftheStates,fromLosAngelesinthewesttoNewYorkintheeast.Itremainsmuchthesameasbefore.Onesubjectis“thegoodolddays”.In“thegoodolddays”peoplethoughtwellofeachother.Peoplelovedlifeintheopenair.Theybelievedthatthebestthingsinlifewerefree:sunshine,laughing,walksinthebeautyofthecountry,friendsandmusic.JimmieRodgers——Countrymusic'sfatherJimmieRodgers对美国乡村音乐的影响是巨大的，尽管他的演艺生涯大部分是在美国经济最不景气的时期度过，而他的演出又常集中在最贫穷的地区，但当我们在他的纪念专辑封套上读到：“在他的全盛期，手头并不宽裕的村民踏进商店，买了一些生活必须品之后，全都会再要一张他的最新唱片”时，我们不会不为之感动．他是“村里会唱歌的小伙子”，也是老百姓心中的英雄．JimmieRodgerstoAmericancountrymusic'sinfluenceishuge,althoughmostofhiscareerintheU.S.economyistheweakest,andhespenttimeandoftenfo