英语中常用的修辞手法

英语中常用的修辞手法1.明喻simile•Similereferstoadirectcomparisonbetweentwoormorethings,normallyintroducedbylikeoras.•Hehasbeenasdrunkasafiddler’sbitch.1.他醉得像小提琴手的母狗。2.他曾喝得酊名大醉/烂醉如泥。•IfWehaven’tgotanymoney,wecan’tbuyatelevision.It’sasplainasthenoseonyourface.1.如果我们没有钱，就不能买电视机。这就像脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了。2.没有钱我们就不能买电视机。这就像秃子头上的虱子——明摆着的事。•Mr.Smithmayserveasagoodsecretary,forheisascloseasanoyster.史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他嘴巴紧得像牦蛎.史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。2.隐喻metaphor•Metaphorisanimpliedcomparisonbetweentwoormorethingsachievedbyidentifyingonewiththeother.•Thatladytriestomakesheep’seyesathernewboss.1.那位女士想向新老板投去绵羊之眼。2.那位女士想向新老板献媚。•ThereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacterofaFrenchman.1.法国人的性格中混合有老虎和猿的成分。2.虎恶猿狡的性格，法国人兼而有之。•Washingtonrefusedtomakeanycommentonthisproposal.华盛顿拒绝对此建议发表评论。（metonymy–用华盛顿代美国政府）•Thebabywasbroughtuponthebottle.这个婴儿是用瓶装奶喂大的。（metonymy–用奶瓶代奶）3.借代metonymy•Didn’tyouswearyou’dneveragainbelieveanythingintrousers?1.你不是曾发誓不再相信穿裤子的任何东西了吗？2.你不是曾发誓不再相信男人了吗？Butformakingmoney,Twain’spenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.•whenamarriedcouplesawredlawyersawgreen.1.夫妻看到红色时，律师看到绿色。2.夫妻吵得脸红耳赤之日，正是律师招财进宝之时。•Ididnotcry,Icouldnot.Mycheekswereashotasfire,andmyveryeyesburntinmyhead.1.我没有哭，我哭不出来。双颊热得如火，眼睛在头上燃烧。2.我没有哭，我哭不出来。双颊热得火辣辣的，两眼好像在冒火。4.夸张hyperbole•Herandowntheavenue,makinganoiseliketenhorsesatagallop.1.他沿街跑下去，喧闹如十马奔腾。2.他沿街跑下去，喧闹如万马奔腾。•Yourwifeisgoingtohittheceilingwhenshelearnsthatyouwerenottellingherthetruth.1.要是你的妻子知道你没跟她说真话，她会蹦到屋顶那么高。2.要是你的妻子知道你没跟她说真话，她会气得暴跳如雷。Hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironman’sfinalreleasefromearthlystruggles.5.双关（pun）•Let’sseehowthewindblows,thendecidewhetherweshouldswimagainstorwiththestream.•咱们先看看风向如何,然后决定是逆流而上还是随波逐流.•—Whatdolawyersdowhentheydie?—Liestill.1.—律师死了以后干啥？—静静地躺着。2.—律师死了以后干啥？—身子动弹不得，口里却依然撒谎。•Policeman:Whatmadeyouthinkthatyoucouldparkyourcarthere?Tourist：Well,therewasabigsignthatread:“FineforParking”.1.警察：你怎么想到了把车停在那里？游客：噢，那里有个牌子，上面写着：停车的好地方！2.警察：你怎么想到了把车停在那里？游客：噢，那里有个牌子，上面写着：适于泊车！（注：英语中的fine既有“好”的意思，也可表示“罚款”。）6.委婉（euphemism）•Afterservices,shewillbelaidtorestbeneathasimpleslabofblackmarblebesideherhusband,KingGeorge6th.葬礼结束后，她被安放在一块普通的黑色大理石板下休息，边上紧挨着她的丈夫乔治六世。葬礼结束后，她被安葬在一块普通的黑色大理石墓碑下，边上紧挨着她丈夫乔治六世的坟墓。Hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironman’sfinalreleasefromearthlystruggles.•“George,”Isaytomyapprentice,“shutshopup.MyoldfriendJohnBainesisgoingtohislonghometoday.”“乔治，”我对徒弟说，“打烊吧。我的老朋友约翰.贝恩斯快要回老家了”。“乔治，”我对徒弟说，“打烊吧。我的老朋友约翰.贝恩斯今天快不行了。”•JustasIwasbeginningtofindtheridelong…7.拟人（personification）•Hungerbreaksstonewalls.饥饿打破石头墙饥饿不饶人。•CanyoutellmeanythingmoreaboutFatherofWaters?•你能否再讲点河流之父的故事?你能否再讲点美国密西西比河的事？•Springhasnospeech,nothingbutrustlingandwhispering,butspringhassomuchmorethanspeechinitsunfoldingflowersandleaves,andthecoursingofitsstreams,andinitssweetrestlessseeking.春天没有言语，只有春风荡漾的沙沙声和万物复苏的低吟声。然而，春花怒放，春叶萌发，春水奔流，春天欢腾地、无休止地追逐着，这一切比言语要丰富得多。Theyoungmoonliesonherbacktonight.8.移就transferredepithet•Anexpensivefailurecanbemadeintoanassetifyouhavelearntfromit,butMonsantostillhassomelearningtodo.1.只要你能从中吸取教训，一个昂贵的失败可以变成一笔财富。不过，曼山托公司依然需要对教训予以总结。2.失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中吸取教训，它也能化成一笔财富。不过，曼山托公司依然需要对教训予以总结。•Iburiedmyheadunderthemiserablesheetandrug,andcriedlikeachild.1.我把头埋在悲惨的被单和毯子下面，像孩子样哭了起来。2.我非常难过，一头扎进被单和毯子，像孩子一样哭了起来。•Theoldmanlayallnightonhissleeplessbed.1.老人整夜躺在那不眠的床上。2.老人躺在床上，彻夜未眠。9.Synecdoche提喻1.ThecasehaderuptedroundmyheadnotlongafterIarrivedinDayton.10.antithesis对语¶llelismTheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemustcomefrombelow.•Thatisourpolicyandthatisourdeclaration.11.Irony反讽Whatanobleillustrationofthetenderlawofhisfavoredcountry!—Theyletthepoorgotosleep.这个例证多么有力地证明了他所偏爱的国家法律是多么温和—他们竞然允许穷人睡觉。→Ridicule嘲笑：moppedhisbalddomeinsilence.sarcasm挖苦:thereissomedoubtaboutthat(unit10)12.Oxymoron矛盾修辞法Malonecalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat”.AlivingdeathChangelesslychanging13.Alliteration头韵法•Willfulwastemakeswoefulwant.14.onomatopoeia•Asyouapproachit,atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstoimpingeonyourear.15.anti-climax•Hiroshima,atownknownthroughouttheworldforits—oysters.16.Rhetoricalquestion•WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?•Whoknows?!