华为网络工程师基础教程

“”.1TCP/IPTCP/IP1“”.2.2.11980’S——1990’S1980’S——1990’S1970’S——1980’S1970’S——1980’S1960’S——1970’S1960’S——1970’SpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkWANInternetingNetworkpcLocalNetworkServerLowSpeedLinesHostNetworkHostIBMSNAIBMX.252“”.2.2OSIOSIOSIApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDatalinkPhysicalNetworkprocessestoapplicationDatarepresentationInterhostcommunicationEnd-to-EndconnectionsAddressesandbestpathAccesstomediaBinarytransmissionISO“”3“”.2.3ApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDatalinkPhysicalRouterLevel3SwitchBridgeLevel2SwitchRepeaterHubGatewayRepeaterbitBridgeLANframeRouterpacketGatewayInternetGateway4“”.2.4OSITCP/IPOSITCP/IPOSITCP/IPEthernetTokenRingOthersNetwareArchitectureApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDatalinkPhysicalOSIReferenceModelTCP/IPProtocolApplicationNetbiosEmulatorNCPIPXNetwareShellSPXTELNETSMTPTFTPFTPIPICMPARPTCPUDPTCP/IPOSIIPIPTCPUDPTCP/IPTelnetFTPSMTPNOVELLSPX/IPX5“”.2.5ApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDatalinkPhysicalApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDatalinkPhysicalHOSTAHOSTBFrameTrailerFrameHeaderNetworkHeaderDataNetworkHeaderDataData01011010101100016“”.3TCP/IP.3.1TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPApplicationTransportInternetNetworkInterfaceHardwareTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)UserDatagramProtocol(UDP)TCPUDP7“”.3.2TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPApplicationTransportInternetNetworkInterfaceHardwareInternetProtocol(IP)InternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMP)AddressResolutionProtocol(ARP)ReverseAddressResolutionProtocol(RARP)IPIPTCP/IPICMPARPRARP8“”.3.3ICMPICMPICMPPINGBICMPEchoRequestICMPEchoReplyABICMPIPRFC792ICMPICMPEchoRequestPingICMPEchoReply9“”.3.4ARPARPARPIPEthernetARP10.0.0.1,IP:10.0.0.1=???Ethernet=:0010:0020:003010.0.0.210.0.0.1ARPIPMACAARPIPMACBARPIPMACA10“”.4.4.1LANLANLANLocalAreaNetwork1000modemProtocolsStandards;LANLANLAN11“”.4.2LANLANLANLANHubBridge/SwitchRouterATMSwitchLANLANLANCSMA/CD12“”.4.3LANLAN13“”.4.4CSMA/CDPCPCPCCSMA/CD14“”.4.5WANWANWANWideAreaNetworkDevicesSwitchingTypeWANWANOSIWAN“”15“”.4.6WANWANWANWANRouterATMSwitchAccessServerWANSwitchModem/CSU/DSUWANModem/CSU/DSUATM16“”.4.7WANWANWANHDLCLAPBPPPX.25FRISDNModem/CSU/DSUModem/CSU/DSUWANHDLCISOLAPBPPPX.25FRX.25ISDN17“”.4.8WANWANWANWANWANSS7ModemX.2518“”.4.9ModemModemModemPSTNAccessServerServerCorp.NetworkModem19“”.4.10ISDNISDNISDN128KPAPCHAPRADIUSISDNAccessServerServerCorp.NetworkISDNISDNISDNISDNISDNPAPCHAPRADIUSClient/Server20“”ISDNISDNISDN(BRI)(PRI)30128kbps2BD16k64k*230BD2Mbps64k*3064kISDNB64KbpsD1664KbpsISDNBRI2B+D192KbpsPRI30B+D2048Kbps21“”ISDNISDNISDNISDN——ISDNISDN1NT1OSIISDNNT1D2NT2OSI1TE1ISDN2TE2ISDNTATE2ISDNTNT1NT2NT1NT2STE1NT2ISDNURTE2TAISDN22“”.4.11Frame-RelayFrame-RelayFrame-RelayTrunksCSU/DSUCSU/DSUWANCSU/DSUCSU/DSUCSU/DSUTrunksOSIATMISDNISDNLAPD23“”.4.12Frame-RelayFrame-RelayFrame-RelayFrameRelayServerCorp.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.Network64Kbps-2Mbps——1600/CIRX.2524“”.4.13X.25X.25X.25X.25TrunksCSU/DSUCSU/DSUWANModemCSU/DSUCSU/DSUTrunks9.6kX.25DataTerminalEquipmentDTEDataCircuit_terminatingEquipmertDCEDTEDCEX.25OSIDTEDCEX.21X.21bisVLAPBLAPBDTE--DCEX.25DTEDCE25“”.4.14X.25X.25X.25X.25ServerCorp.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.Network9.6kX.25X.25X.2526“”.4.15100%64KbpsServerCorp.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkpcBranch.NetworkInternet64K64K100%30%40%DSU/CSU27“”.4.16-HDLC-HDLC-HDLCModem/CSU/DSUModem/CSU/DSUWANHDLCHDLCHDLC32HDLC28“”.4.17-PPP-PPP-PPPPAPCHAPModem/CSU/DSUModem/CSU/DSUWANPPPPPPPPPPoint-To-PointProtocolTCP/IPPPPLCPNCPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPAPCHAP29“”.4.18X.25Frame-RelayX.25Frame-RelayX.25Frame-RelayX.25X.25256IPFrame-RelayX.251600bytesIPX.25256IPX.25X.251600IP30“”.4.19VideoVoiceFileTransferClient/ServerTerminalEmulationE-mailISDN,FrameRelayorFrameRelayAnalogDial-UpAnalogDial-UporISDN0123+ISDN31“”.5TCP/IP32“”.1Quidway33“”.2.2.1ATM34“”.2.2(LAN)(LAN)(WAN)(WAN)(CONSOLE)(CONSOLE)35“”.3.3.1LANLANEthernetTokenBusTokenRing......LocalAreaNetworkLAN123LANLANIBMLAN36“”.3.210M100M1000M10Mbps100Mbps1000MbpsIEEE802.3“”“”CSMA/CD/37“”.3.310M10M10M10Base-T10Base510Base210MbpsIEEE802.3LAN20MbpsIEEE802.310M10Base-T10Base510Base210Base510Mb/s500m10010Base510Base2BNCT200303010Base-T10Base-T10Base-T100m5150m38“”10Base-T10Base-T10Base-T3455688Twistedpair365639“”RJ-45RJ-4540“”5555841“”.3.4100M100M100Base-TX5100100Base-F102000IEEE802.3uIEEE802.3u100Base-T100Base-T100Base-TX100Base-T4100Base-T43100Base-TX5125MHz100Base-TX100Base-FX200Mbps100Mbps10M42“”.3.51000M1000M1000Base-T51001000Base-F500IEEE802.3z802.3ab1000Mbps/2000Mbps/5005100IEEE802.3zIEEE802.3ab802.343“”.3.610M1M2M10M1M4M16MFDDI44“”.4.4.1WideAreaNetwork45“”PSTNISDNDDNFRAMERELAYX.25...PSTNISDNDDNX.25FrameRelayPSTNISDNDDNX.25X.25WAN64KbpsX.25FrameRelayE-164K2X.25LAN46“”ATMSDH......ATMWANLANWANATMATMQoS(QualityofService)SDH47“”.4.2V.24V.35BRIPRI......WANV.24V.35BRIPRI48“”.4.3V.24V.24V.24......V.24Quidway49“”V.24V.24V.24DB50--DB25V.24DTEQuidwayV.24DB50DB25EIA-RS-232ModemISDNModemPPPIPIPX115200bpsX.25PPPHDLCSLIPLAPBIPIPX64000bpsV.24DCEDTEDCE25DTE25DTEModemISDNDCEQuidwayV.24DTE50“”V.24V.24V