雅思基础语法4

雅思基础语法VinoYuLesson4•副词•状语从句•强调句副词•修饰动词、形容词、其他副词•e.g.•typically、rather、extremely、absolutely、totally、fairly，etc•说明方式、地点、时间、频率、程度•e.g.•how、where、when、howoften、howmuch，etc.•可以是单个词语，也可以是短语•e.g.•Sometimes、fromtimetotime地点、时间副词•前置有强调意味•e.g.•Attheturnofthe20thcentury,agricultureandmanufacturingwerethetwomostimportantsectorsalmosteverywhere,accountingforabout70%oftotaloutputinGermany,ItalyandFrance,and40-50%inAmerica,BritainandJapan.（剑6，T1，R1）•在世纪之交，农业和制造业几乎曾是世界各地最重要的两大行业，其比重占德国、意大利和法国总产量的约70%，占美国、英国和日本总产量的40-50%。频率副词•annually,yearly,3timesaday,sometimes,often，etc•e.g.•Theserangedfrom‘sensoryleakage’—wherecluesaboutthepicturesaccidentallyreachthereceiver—tooutrightfraud.(剑8，T1，R3)•这些可能性既包括“感官泄漏”，即与图片有关的线索意外地传给了接收者，也包括彻底的欺诈。程度副词•rather,fairly,definitely,quite,pretty,very…•e.g.•Thismethodworksespeciallywellinrainforestsandmarshyareas.(剑8，T4，R3)•这个方法特别适用于雨林和沼泽地区。方式副词•可回答how的提问•e.g.•ThefirststationisexpectedtobeinstalledoffLynmouthinDevonshortlytotestthetechnologyintheventurejointlyfundedbythedepartmentofTradeandIndustryandtheEuropeanUnion.(剑9，T3，R2)•第一个潮汐发电站预计很快将在德文郡的林茅斯海岸建立，用来检测贸易与工业部和欧盟的一个合资项目研发的技术。句子副词•basically,generally,honestly,eventually,amazingly•e.g.•Generally,ClassEairspaceiswhereonfindsgeneralaviationaircraft(fewofwhichcanclimbabove5,490manyway),andcommercialturbopropaircraft.(剑8，T1，R2)•Inconclusion,Iagreethatanychildcanbetaughtparticularskills,buttobereallygoodinareassuchasmusic,artorsport,thensomenaturaltalentisrequired.(剑7，T1，W2)副词•方式→地点→时间•e.g.•Iwillmeetyououtsidethestationatsixo’clock.高频副词dramatically=considerably剧烈地excessively过度的intensively广泛的increasingly越来越specifically具体的说instantly快速地initially首先properly=appropriately适度地mainly=primarily=chiefly=mostly主要地understandably可以理解overwhelmingly占绝对优势地clearly,清楚的radically基本上merely=just=onlyunnecessarily没必要mentally心理上(psychologically)impulsively冲动地merrily愉快地高频副词academically学术上的physically生理上especially特别地partly部分地generally总的来看entirely=completely=totally全部地seemingly表面上看strikingly明显地virtually实际上greatly=highly非常，大大地substantially本质上;相当多地fiercely=severely激烈地,superficially表面上utterly=completely,完全地somewhat=alittle,moderately温和地intensely=considerably大量地Task•选择•Enviromentalistsandconservationiststellusthattherearewaysthateachofuscanhelptoveryreduce/greatlyreduceourimpactontheplanet.Wecanworkhard/hardlyworktoconserveenergyandwecaninvestinequipmenttohelpuscreateourtownpower.Peoplesayoften/oftensaythattheywanttosavetheplanet,buttheonlywaytodothisistotakeimmediatelyaction/takeactionimmediately.Task•翻译•However,itisfairlydifficulttosayeveryoneisswayedbyadvertisingandbuygoodsimpulsively.(剑6，T1，W2)•但是，很难说每个人都受广告影响，冲动地购买商品。Task•翻译•Obviously,educationsystemsarebasedonthebeliefthatallchildrencaneffectivelybetaughttoacquiredifferentskills,includingthoseassociatedwithsport,artormusic.(剑7，T1，W2)•显然，教育体系是建立在这样的信念的基础上的：所有的孩子都可以通过教育有效地获得不同的技能，包括那些和体育、艺术或音乐相关的。Task•Writing(剑9，T4，W1)•Thegraphbelowgivesinformationfroma2008reportaboutconsumptionofenergyintheUSAsince1980withprojectionsuntil2030.•Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Task•Samplewriting•From20qand15qrespectivelyin1980,gasshowedaninitialfallandcoalagradualincrease,withthetwofuelsequalbetween1985and1990.•Coalispredictedtoincreasesteadilyto31qin2030,whereasafter2014,gaswillremainstableat25q.•Overall,theUSwillcontinuetorelyonfossilfuels,withsustainableandnuclearenergysourcesremainingrelativelyinsignificant.•…………………………状语从句•时间状语从句•地点状语从句•原因状语从句•目的状语从句•结果状语从句•条件状语从句•让步状语从句•方式状语从句•比较状语从句时间状语从句•引导词:when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,assoonas,once，etc•e.g.Inotherwords,when,forinstance,informationiscollatedaboutearlyillness,methodsofupbringing,schooling,etc.,wemustalsotakeintoaccountinformationfromotherhistoricalsourcesabouthowcommonorexceptionalthesewereatthetime.(剑8，T3，R2)换句话说，比如当我们在搜集有关早期疾病、养育方式、学校教育等信息时，我们也要考虑到在其他的历史资料中所记载的、关于这种情况在当时有多么普遍或不寻常的信息。地点状语从句•引导词：where、wherever•e.g.•Suchmaterial,evenwhereitappearscomparativelytrivial,canhaveaseriouseffectonthecompany,supplierorcustomersifitfallsintothewronghands.(剑8，GT，S2)•此类信息，无论巨细，如果被窃取利用，就会对公司、供应商或客户造成严重的后果。原因状语从句•引导词：as，because，since,considering/giventhat，etc•e.g.•Thisisdifficulttoscientificallyquantifyassuchextra-sensorystimulivarygreatlyfromoneautisticindividualtoanother.(剑9，T2，R1)•这很难进行科学量化，因为这种额外的感官刺激因患者的不同而有很大的差异。目的状语从句•引导词：sothat，inorderthat,incase•e.g.•In1986theInternationalOlympicCommitteechangedtheschedulesothatthesummerandwintergameswouldbeheldindifferentyears.•However,nomatterwhichlifestyledopeoplechoose,thechosenoneshouldbeinsistedlestourbiologicalclockmightgetconfused.结果状语从句•引导词：so…that,such…that•e.g.•Mybrotherissuchaforgetfulpersonthatheisalwaysforgettingsomethingimportant.•Icameherebymetrolinetwointhemorning,whichissocrowdedthatIcanhardlybreatheverytimewhenIwasinit.条件状语从句•引导词：if,unless,suppose,solongas,sofaras,providedthat,onconditionthat,etc•e.g.•Youmightwonderhowwecantellwhetherfossilanimalslivedonlandorinwater,especiallyifonlyfragmentsarefound.(剑9，T1，R3)•你可能会问，我们是如何通过动物化石来判断它们是生活中水里还是陆地上的，尤其当我们只找到一些化石