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构词法转换法合成法衍生法不借助词缀而实现词类转换,构成不同词性的新词。转换法water(水)→water(浇水)名词转换为动词bottle(瓶子)face(脸)hand(手)land(陆地)value(价值)bottle(装瓶)face(面对)hand(递)land(着陆)value(看重)名词动词动词转换为名词look(看)try(尝试)help(帮助)visit(拜访)walk(散步)look(表情)try(尝试)help(帮助)visit(访问)walk(散步)名词动词形容词转换为动词clear(清澈的)cool(凉爽的)empty(空的)slow(慢的)warm(温暖的)clear(变清澈)cool(使变凉爽)empty(倒空)slow(减慢)warm(使温暖)名词动词ExamplesHehandedmeapieceofcakewithhisdirtyhands.Thehousehasbeenvaluedatover$200,000.Thegovernmentpromisedtohousethepoorinthepublichouses.两个或两个以上的词合并在一起(有时用连字符号“-”)构成新词。合成法water(水)+melon(瓜)↓watermelon(西瓜)Exampleswaterproof,watercolor,waterfall,waterside,waterwayraincoat,timetable,toothache,widespread,daydream,airportpart-time,full-time,long-term,mother-in-law,out-of-work通过在词根的前、后添加前缀、后缀而构成新词。衍生法water(水)↓watery(含水的,泪汪汪的,掺水的)反义词(词性不变)moral(道德的)symmetric(相对称的)amoral(非道德的)asymmetric(非对称的)添加前缀a-act(作用)attack(进攻)measure(措施)part(角色)counteract(反作用)counterattack(反攻)countermeasure(对策)counterpart(双方职务相当的人)添加前缀counter-bacterial(细菌的)virus(病毒)antibacterial(抗菌的)anti-virus(抗病毒)添加前缀anti-cipher(编写密码)code(编码)frost(结霜)value(估价)decipher(译码)decode(解码)defrost(除霜)devalue(贬值)添加前缀de-反义词advantage(优点)agree(同意)appear(出现)approve(赞成)charge(充电)connect(连接)count(计算)cover(覆盖)honest(诚实的)infect(感染)like(喜欢)order(秩序)disadvantage(缺点)disagree(不同意)disappear(消失)disapprove(不赞成)discharge(排放)disconnect(断开)discount(折扣)discover(发现)dishonest(不诚实的)disinfect(消毒)dislike(讨厌)disorder(混乱)添加前缀dis-反义词legal(合法的)literate(有教养的)logical(逻辑的)illegal(非法的)illiterate(无教养的)illogical(不合逻辑的)添加前缀il-反义词balance(平衡)mature(成熟的)moral(道德的)patient(耐心的)perfect(完美的)personal(个人的)polite(礼貌的)possible(可能的)pure(纯的)imbalance(不平衡)immature(未成熟的)immoral(不道德的)impatient(无耐心的)imperfect(不完全的)impersonal(非个人的)impolite(无礼的)impossible(不可能的)impure(不纯的)添加前缀im-ability(能力)accessible(可接近的)accurate(准确的)active(活跃的)attention(留意)dependent(依赖的)direct(直接的)sensitive(敏感的)visible(看得见的)inability(无能)inaccessible(不可接近的)inaccurate(不正确的)inactive(怠惰的)inattention(粗心)independent(独立的)indirect(间接的)insensitive(不敏感的)invisible(看不见的)添加前缀in-反义词rational(合理的)regular(有规律的)relative(相关的)relevant(有关系的)responsible(负责的)irrational(不合理的)irregular(无规律的)irrelative(无关的)irrelevant(无关系的)irresponsible(不负责任的)添加前缀ir-formed(成形的)function(功能)nutrition(营养)treat(对待)malformed(畸形的)malfunction(功能障碍)malnutrition(营养不良)maltreat(虐待)添加前缀mal-反义词behave(表现)conception(概念)fortune(运气)judge(判断)lead(引导)spell(拼写)understand(理解)use(使用)misbehave(行为不端)misconception(误解)misfortune(不幸)misjudge(判断错误)mislead(误导)misspell(拼错)misunderstand(误解)misuse(误用)添加前缀mis-existent(存在的)official(正式的)profit(利润)sense(理智)smoker(吸烟者)stop(停)violent(暴力的)nonexistent(不存在的)nonofficial(非正式的)nonprofit(非盈利的)nonsense(荒谬)nonsmoker(非吸烟者)nonstop(直达)nonviolent(非暴力的)添加前缀non-反义词able(能的)available(可得到的)balanced(平衡的)believable(可信的)changeable(善变的)clean(干净的)fair(公平的)fortunately(幸运地)happy(高兴的)necessary(需要的)sure(确信的)usual(平常的)willing(愿意的)unable(无能的)unavailable(得不到的)unbalanced(不平衡的)unbelievable(难以置信的)unchangeable(不可变的)unclean(不干净的)unfair(不公平的)unfortunately(不幸地)unhappy(不高兴的)unnecessary(不需要的)unsure(不确定的)unusual(不寻常的)unwilling(不愿意的)添加前缀un-反义词反义词(词性改变)child(儿童)count(计算)harm(伤害)hope(希望)job(工作)tire(疲劳)use(用途)value(价值)childless(无儿女的)countless(数不清的)harmless(无害的)hopeless(绝望的)jobless(失业的)tireless(不知疲倦的)useless(无用的)valueless(无价的)添加后缀-less形容词名词词性转换名词动词形容词副词(请点击相应箭头进入词性转换)名词转换为动词climate(气候)company(同伴)custom(习俗)knowledge(知识)acclimate(适应)accompany(陪伴)accustom(使习惯)acknowledge(承认、告知)名词动词fool(傻瓜)friend(朋友)head(头)befool(愚弄)befriend(待之如友)behead(斩首)加前缀be-加前缀ac-act(行为)circle(圆)courage(勇气)counter(柜台)danger(危险)force(力量)joy(欢乐)rage(狂怒)roll(卷)title(标题、头衔)trust(信任)enact(制定)encircle(环绕)encourage(鼓励)encounter(遭遇)endanger(危及)enforce(强迫)enjoy(享受)enrage(使愤怒)enroll(登记、使入学)entitle(给…权力)entrust(信托)名词动词加前缀en-body(身体)power(力量)embody(具体化、包括)empower(授权于…,使可能)加前缀em-defense(防御)expense(费用)offense(侮辱)response(反应)defend(防御)expend(花费)offend(冒犯)respond(反应)名词动词词尾-se改为-dbreath(气息)cloth(布)breathe(呼吸)clothe(给…穿衣)加后缀-efright(惊吓)length(长度)strength(强度)height(高度)threat(威胁)frighten(使惊恐)lengthen(加长)strengthen(加强)heighten(加高)threaten(威胁)名词动词加后缀-enclass(类别)glory(荣耀)identity(身份)justice(公正)note(注释)quality(质量)test(测试)unity(团结、联合)classify(分类)glorify(美化)identify(识别)justify(为…辩护)notify(告知)qualify(使合格)testify(证实)unify(统一、联合)后缀-fy,-ify名词动词analysis(分析)apology(道歉)crystal(水晶)emphasis(强调)hospital(医院)memory(记忆)organ(组织)summary(总结)vapor(蒸汽)analyze(se)(分析)apologize(道歉)crystallize(具体化)emphasize(se)(强调)hospitalize(使…住院)memorize(记忆)organize(se)(组织、安排)summarize(总结)vaporize(蒸发)后缀-ise,-ize,-se,-ze名词转换为形容词access(接近)comfort(舒适)fashion(时髦)flame(火焰)knowledge(知识)profit(利润)reason(理由)response(反应)value(价值)accessible(易接近的)comfortable(舒服的)fashionable(时髦的)flammable(易燃的)knowledgeable(博学的)profitable(有益的)reasonable(合理的)responsible(负责的)valuable(贵重的)名词形容词添加后缀-ible,-ableaddition(附加)culture(文化)education(教育)environment(环境)form(形式)globe(地球)logic(逻辑)music(音乐)medicine(药)nation(国家)nature(自然)practice(实践)tradition(传统)additional(外加的)cultural(文化的)educational(教育的)environmental(环境的)formal(形式的)global(全球的)logical(逻辑的)musical(音乐的)medical(医药的)national(全国的)natural(自然的)practical(实际的)traditional(传统
本文标题:英语构词法-超实用
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