无选项完形填空[1]

【1】Insuranceisthesharingof_(1).Nearlyeveryoneisexposed_(2)ofsomesort.Thehouseowner,forexample,knowsthathis_(3)canbedamagedbyfire;theshipownerknowsthathisvesselmaybelostatsea;thebreadwinnerknowsthathemaydieby_(4)and_(5)hisfamilyinpoverty.Ontheotherhand,noteveryhouseisdamagedbyfireoreveryvessellostatsea.Ifthesepersonseachputa_(6)sumofmoneyintoapool,therewillbeenoughto_(7)theneedsofthefewwhodosuffer_(8).Inotherwordsthelossesofthefewaremetfromthecontributionsofthe_(9).Thisisthebasisof_(10).Thosewhopaythecontributionsareknownas_(11)andthosewhoadministerthepoolofthecontributionsasinsurer.The_(12)foraninsurancenaturallydependsonhowtheriskistohappenassuggested_(13)pastexperience.Ifthecompaniesfixtheirpremiumstoo_(14),therewillbemorecompetitionintheirbranchofinsuranceandtheymaylose_(15).Ontheotherhand,iftheymakethepremiumstoolow,theywillnothave_(16)andmayevenhavetodropout_(17)business.Sotheordinaryforcesofsupplyand_(18)keeppremiumsataproper_(19)tobothinsurersandthosewho_(20)insurance.答案：1.risks2.to3.property/house4.accident/chance5.leave6.small/certain7.meet8.loss/losses9.many10.insurance11.insured12.premium13.by14.high15.business/money16.profit17.of18.demand19.level20.buy【2】Motivationis“thedrivingforcewithinindividualsthatimpelsthemtoaction.”Andgoalsarethesought-afterresults_(1)motivatedbehavior.Motivationcanbeeitherpositiveornegative_(2)direction.Wemayfeeladrivingforcetowardsomeobjectorcondition,_(3)adrivingforceawayfromsomeobjectorcondition.Forexample,apersonmaybeimpelledtowardarestauranttofulfillaneed,hunger,andaway_(4)anairplanetofulfillaneedofsafety.Somepsychologistsrefertopositivedrives_(5)needs,wantsordesires,_(6)negativedrivesasfearsoraversions._(7),thoughnegativeandpositivemotivationalforcesseemtodifferdramatically_(8)termsofphysicalandsometimesemotionalactivity,theyarebasicallysimilarin_(9)theybothservetoinitiateandsustainhumanbehavior._(10)thisreason,researchersoftenrefer_(11)bothkindsofdrivesofmotivesasneeds,wantsanddesires.Goals,_(12),canbeeitherpositiveornegative.Apositivegoalisonetoward_(13)behaviorisdirectedanditisoftenreferredtoasanapproachobject.Anegativegoalis_(14)fromwhichbehaviorisdirectedawayanditissometimesreferredtoasanavoidanceobject.Sincebothapproachandavoidancegoalscanbeconsideredobjectivesofmotivatedbehavior,mostresearchersrefersto_(15)typessimplyasgoals.Considerthisexample.Amiddle-agedwomanmaywishtoremain_(16)attractiveaspossible.Herpositivegoalistoappeardesirable,and_(17)shemayuseaperfumeadvertisedtomakeherirresistible.Anegativegoalmaybetopreventherskin_(18)aging,andthereforeshemaybuyandusefacecreams._(19)theformercase,sheusesperfumetohelpherachieveherpositivegoal–attractiveness;inthe_(20)case,sheusesfacecreamstohelpavoidanegativegoal–wrinkledskin.答案：1.of2.in3.or4.from5.as6.and7.However8.in9.that10.For11.to12.too13.which14.one15.both16.as17.therefore/so18.from19.In20.latter【3】Agoodtranslatorisbydefinitionbilingual.Theoppositeisnot_(1)true,however.Abornandbredbilingualwillstillneedtwo_(2)tobecomeatranslator:first,theskillsandexperiencenecessaryfor_(3);second,knowledgeofthefieldinwhichheorshewill_(4).Theskillsandexperiencefortranslationincludetheabilitytowrite_(5)inthetargetlanguage,theabilitytoreadandunderstandthe_(6)languagematerialthoroughly,andtheabilitytoworkwiththelatest_(7)andcommunicationhardwareandsoftware.Doseabornandbredbilingual_(8)abettertranslatorthansomeonewholearnedlanguageBlaterin_(9)?Thereisnodefiniteanswer,butthefollowingissuesareimportant._(10),abornandbredbilingualoftensuffersfromnottrulyknowing_(11)languagewellenoughtotranslate,withsomeevensufferingfromwhat_(12)knownasalingualism,astateinwhichapersonlacks_(13)full,fluentcommandofanylanguage.Second,bornandbredbilinguals_(14)don’tknowthecultureofthetargetlanguagewellenoughto_(15)top-qualitytranslations,orcannotrecognizewhataspectsofthesourcelanguage_(16)itscultureneedtobetreatedwithparticularcare,asthey_(17)inasensetooclosetothelanguage.Andlast,theyoften_(18)theanalyticallinguisticskillstoworkthroughastickytext.On_(19)otherhand,theacquiredbilingualmaynothavethesamein-depth_(20)ofcolloquialisms,slang,anddialectthatthebornbilingualhas.Also,theacquiredbilingualwillnotbeabletotranslateasreadilyinbothdirections(fromBtolanguageAandAtolanguageB).Finally,bornbilingualsoftenhaveagreaterappreciationofthesubtletiesandnuancesofboththeirlanguagesthansomeonewholearnstheirBlanguagelaterinlifecaneverhopetohave.答案：1.necessarily2.things3.translation4.translate5.well6.source7.word-processing8.make9.life10.First11.any12.is13.a14.often15.provide16.and17.are18.lack19.the20.knowledge【4】StatisticsfromChina_(1)bemindboggling:1.2billion_(2),1.73trillioncigarettessmokedinayear,7,000different_(3)ofwoodyplants.Butamidallofthesestaggeringsums,onefactoidstands_(4)forbothitsaudacioussizeandforwhatitsaysabouytChina’sfuture:thereare630millionChineseundertheageof24.That’salotof_(5)energytoburn.Materialismmaybethe_(6)preoccupationamongChina’syoungpeoplethesedays,butjustbeneaththesurfaceliesafeeling_(7)woundednationalistprideandanever-deepeningspiritualh