高中英语必修四unit4语法：V-ing作定语和状语(公开课)

Unit４Grammar动词-ing形式所充当的成份：主语动名词宾语动名词表语动名词、现在分词定语动名词、现在分词状语现在分词宾补现在分词V-ing形式充当的成分知识回顾1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,动名词作定语表示被修饰者的作用或功能,现在分词作定语常表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：asleepingcar卧车=acarforsleepingasleepingchild一个正在睡觉的孩子=achildwhoissleeping一、V-ing作定语动名词现在分词1)drinkingwater饮用水=waterfordrinking2)awalkingstick拐杖=astickforwalking3)areadingroom阅览室=aroomforreading4)awritingdesk写字桌=adeskforwriting5)tiringmusic令人疲倦的音乐=musicwhich/thatistiring6)asurprisingresult令人吃惊的结果=aresultwhich/thatissurprising现在分词【即练1】同义改写动名词2.V–ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：①Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.=Theexperimentwasasuccesswhichwasamazing.②Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthat/whichfacesthestreet.3.V-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于非限制性定语从句,这时它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如:Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.1)ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.2)Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.3)Hersons,bothworkingabroadringhereveryweek.=Hersons,whobothwork/arebothworkingabroad,ringhereveryweek.【即练2】用定语从句改写1.现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。如:Hearingtheknockonthedoor，theystoppedtalking.听到有人在敲门，他们停止了谈话。＝Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.（hearing的逻辑主语是句子的主语they发出的，当主从句主语相同时，可把从句改为分词短语）二、现在分词作状语2.现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,不能直接用现在分词作状语。判断正误：①Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred.()②Hearingthewords,herfacewentred.()（分词hearing的逻辑主语不是句子的主语herface发出的,不能用现在分词作状语）【注意】分词的逻辑主语不相同时,要用独立主语，即独立主格结构。如:Thegirlwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonherhead．=Whenthegirlwaitedforthebus,abirdfellonherhead.√×3.少部分Ving形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，不要误认为是Ving形式作状语。如：Judgingfromhistone,there'snodoubtheisagainstit.从他的话音可判断，毫无疑问他是反对的。常见短语：generally/strictly/exactlyspeaking大体/严格/准确说来judgingfrom/by...根据……判断talkingof...谈到……considering...考虑，鉴于……supposing(that)．..假设，假定regarding...关于……1)Thechildranthroughtherain,hishairgotwet.________________________________,hishairgotwet.2)Iftimepermits,we'lldoanotherexperiment._________________________,we'lldoanotherexperiment.3)Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred.____________________,herfacewentred.4)Becausealltheticketshadbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly._______________________________,theywentawaydisappointedly.【即练3】用分词短语改写ThechildrunningthroughtherainTimepermittingShehearingthewordsAlltheticketshavingbeensoldout如:1)Hearingthebell,theybegantoentertheroom.解析:hearing是一般式主动，表示听到和进入两个动作同时发生,相当于状从:Whentheyheardthebell2)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.解析:beingbuilt是一般式被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中,相当于定从:Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnow3)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.解析:Havingdone是完成式主动,强调听见和进入两个动作先后发生,相当于状从:Afterhe(had)finishedthework主动形式被动形式(not)doingbeingdone(not)havingdonehavingbeendone一般式完成式三、V-ing的形式和句法功能1.V-ing的一般式和完成式2.现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。1)表时间状语Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2)表原因状语Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.3)表伴随状语作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步补充说明。Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.4)表结果状语Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.5)表条件状语Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.【即练4】用分词短语改写1)Whentheyheardthestrangenoise，theyfeltscared.Hearingthestrangenoise,theyfeltscared.2)Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill，hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.3)Ifyouwalkedahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.4)Theylaughedandtalkedhappilyastheywentintotheclassroom.Laughingandtalkinghappily,theywentintotheclassroom.5)Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,andleftthefamilyevenworseoff.Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.________________MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.I.用V-ing形式改写句子Whenapproaching2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson__________________canspeaksevenlanguages.translatingthesongs3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.Becausehedidn’tknowanyone,hestoodtheresilently.___________anyone,hestoodtheresilently.Notknowing5.Thepicturethathangsonthewallisaworld-famousone.Thepicture_______onthewallisaworld-famousone.6.Becausehehadn’treceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.________________ananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.hangingNothavingreceived7.Whenheseesthemountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown._______themountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown.8.BecauseitisSunday,therearenostudentsintheschool.It___________,therearenostudentsintheschool.SeeingbeingSunday9.Hehuntedalltheshopstolookforanicepresentforhismother.Hehuntedalltheshops,____________anicepresentforhismother.10.Ifyoustudyhard,you’llmakeprogress.______________,you’llmakeprogress.______________,