宾语从句的用法

宾语从句的用法一、定义：宾语从句就是一个句子的宾语部分是由另一个句子来充当。宾语从句需要用引导词来引导。学好宾语从句，必须过“三关”。即引导词关、语序关、时态关。二、引导词关：引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类，即:1）若宾语从句为陈述语气，则用that引导。That在从句中不充当任何成分，也无实义，只是起到连接的作用。通常在say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后加that，引导宾语从句。连词that在口语中常被省略。如：Hesaidthathewasastudent.Ithoughtthathewaswrong.☆注意：A)引导宾语从句的that常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。（1）and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略。如：Iknow(that)heisagoodstudentandthathelikesbasketball.（2）、that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.（3）、主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。如：Wedecided,consideringhisage,thatwewouldnotlethimdothejob.B)若宾语后面有宾语补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.常常这样用的动词有find,feel,consider,make,believe等。如：Hedoesn’twantittobeknownthatheisgoingaway.Iconsideritnecessarythatheshoulddoitagain.C)宾语从句的否定转移。当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等表示主观看法或认识的动词,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.如：Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.（而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.）Idon’tbelievethatheisagoodstudent,ishe?我认为他不是个好学生，不是吗？Idon’tthinkyouareright.Idon’tbelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirwork.比较：shebelievesthatIamnotagoodstudent.2）表示一般疑问语气,含有“是否,能否”的意思。由从属连词whether和if引导,二者通常可以互换。如：Idon'tknowwhether/ifIshouldgotothepartytomorrow.注意：在以下情况中，只能用whether。A)在动词不定式之前只能用whether如：Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.B)在whether……ornot的固定搭配中，只能用whether。如：Iwanttoknowwhethersheisastudentornot.C)在介词后，只能用whether。如：Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhehaslosthiswork.3）表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词引导。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词和疑问副词。A)疑问代词包括what,who,whom,which,whose,whoever,whatever,whichever等.。如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Idon'tknowwhattheywant.Johntoldmewhichgirlhelikedmost..Iwanttoknowwhosefatherthatoldmanis.Iwillgiveyouwhateveryouwant.Youcanmeetwhoeveryouwanttosee.Youcanchoosewhicheveryoulike.B)疑问副词包括when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however等。如：Couldyoutellmehowwecangettothestation?Hetoldmewhenweshouldgototheairport.Itoldhimwhereheshouldgo.Idon'tknowwhyheissoangry.Youcancomewheneveryouarefree.Youcangowhereveryoulike.4）另外：宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词甚至是副词的宾语.例如：1、Hesaidthathewasastudent.(that从句是said的宾语)2、宾语从句作介词的宾语，常常有两种情况：A)wh-类的介词宾语从句如：Wearetalkingaboutwhereweshouldgo.(疑问代词where从句作介词about的宾语)Theteacherisquitesatisfiedwithwhatyouhavedone.（疑问代词what引导的宾语从句时介词with的宾语）B)用that,whether引导的介词宾语从句如：except,but,besides三个介词后常常可以见到that引导的宾语从句。Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheworksinaschool.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweshouldgocamping.3、常常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised。That常常可以省略。如：Iamsure（that）Iwillpasstheexam.Marywaspleased(that)shehadpassedthefinalexam..(that引导的宾语从句是形容词pleased的宾语)4、Iwillfindoutwherehehasgone(where引导的宾语从句作副词out的宾语).三、语序关作宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。如：1、Tomsaid.+Heisreadingabook.→Tomsaidthathewasreadingabook.2、Heasksme.+Aretheyplayingagame?→Heasksmeif/whethertheyareplayingagame.（宾语从句，陈述语序）3、Whereisthehospital?Hetoldme.→HetoldmeWheretheHospitalwas.4、Idon'tknowwhoheis四、时态关宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：1）主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。如：Ithinkheisacleverboy.IthinkhehasgonetoBeijing.Ithinkheboughtthebookyesterday.主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。如：hesaidhewasreading.HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingtomorrow.Heforgotwhetherhehadlockedthedoor.对比理解下列几组句子：例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.3、当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（客观真理仍然用一般现在时）HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.（客观事实）