长难句分析

长难句分析11、Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.2、Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry’sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.长难句的构成：句子=主语+谓语+宾语长难句=主语+（限定短语）+（限定从句）+谓语+宾语+（限定短语）+（限定从句）+状语（时间，地点，目的等）很多难句的由来是在简单句的名词后面增加了补充说明的限定成分，使句子在提供更多信息的同时变得相对复杂！修饰名词，不修饰动词！名词加限定从句：书丢了。这句话缺少一些信息，即到底是哪本书破了呢，没有限定说明：“书”是指哪一本书，是黄颜色的那本书，是刚买来的那本书，还是祖传的那本书呢？补充信息：“（我昨天从图书馆借的）书丢了。”汉语中喜欢把定于放在名词前，但是英语中一般会把相对长的定语放在名词后面，作为补充限定。英语结构：“书（我昨天从图书馆借的）丢了”。名词需要一个限定，以避免歧义常见的限定从句：定语从句，同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句名词加限定短语：限定短语可以看做是限定从句的简化，如同在名词后面加了一个括号我会写汉字。我会写汉字（简体）。书丢了。书（绿色的）丢了。常见的限定短语:非谓语动词:todo,done,doingA、Todo表示目的，“为了…”B、Doing是现在分词，表示主动、正在C、Done是过去分词。表示被动、完成1.__Togive__(give）himmorehelp,wehavetodoeverythingwecan.2.____Giving__(give)himmoretime,hecoulddoitbetter.3.___Gived___(give)himourhelp,wefeltveryhappy.4.正在教室讲课的老师5.昨天晚上写完的作业6.要在下个月执行的计划Theteacherspeakingintheclass//后置定语ThehomeworkfinishedlastnightTheplantobecarriedoutnextmonth//表示将来1、Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.主干：Theemployeeisanobviousassettothefirm.主语：theemployee员工短语限定：（atthehomeoffice）(在国内办公的)从句限定：whocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachine能够通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流翻译：这位在国内办公但能通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流的员工，对于公司而言，无疑是一笔财富。2、Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry’sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.主干：Theemployeehasanopportunity，andcanhavetheculturalinsight一个主语做了两件事情：员工有一个机会，并且拥有文化洞察力。怎样的员工？拥有怎样的机会？怎样的洞察力？（1）对主语“employee”加限定：Theemployee（postedabroad）whospeaksthecountry’sprincipallanguagehasanopportunity.（被派往海外）并（能说该国主要语言的）员工拥有一个机会。（2）对宾语“opportunity”作限定：opportunity（tofast-forwardcertainnegotiations）（加快某些谈判进程的）机会。（tofast-forwardcertainnegotiations）这个短语部分起到补充说明作用，类似括号的功能，说明机会的内涵。（3）对宾语“theculturalinsight”作限定：theculturalinsight（toknowwhenititbettertomovemoreslowly）（知道什么时候慢些会更好的）文化洞察力。（toknowwhenititbettertomovemoreslowly）这个短语部分起到了补充说明的作用，也类似一个括号的功能，说明文化洞察力的内容。如何分析长难句：突破点：谓语！！任何句子都必须有谓语动词，所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。理解难句的基本步骤是：1）识别出有哪几个谓语动词；2）找出主句的谓语动词，先理解主句；3）再去理解从句和短语。Whileenrichingtheirimagination,bookswidentheiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisureproperly.Work,formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder,involvesresponsibilityforahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,bookswidentheiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisureproperly.结构：本句中有个三谓语动词widen,develop和train，主语都是books.enrich前面省略了主语，用了非谓语动词.拆分：1.Booksenrichtheirimagination.2.Bookswidentheiroutlook.3.Booksdevelopafact-findingattitude4.Bookstrainthemtouseleisureproperly.翻译：在丰富人们想象力的同时，书还会拓展人们的视野，培养人们求真务实的精神，帮助人们合理安排闲暇时间。Work,formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder,involvesresponsibilityforahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell.结构：本句中只有一个谓语动词：involves。formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder是插入语。for后面的内容修饰responsibility，而ahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell为并列结构。拆分：1.workinvolvesresponsibility.2.formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder3.Responsibility（forahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell.）翻译：对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言，工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。Toalargedegree，themeasureofourpeaceofmindisdeterminedbyhowmuchweareabletoliveinthepresentmoment．Withoutquestion，manyofushavemasteredtheneuroticartofspendingmuchofourlivesworryingaboutavarietyofthings－－allatonce．Weallowpastproblemsandfutureconcernstodominateourpresentmoments，somuchsothatweendupanxious，frustrated，depressed，andhopeless．Unfortunately，thesamementaldynamicsthattellustolooktowardthefuturewillonlyrepeatthemselvessothat‘someday’neveractuallyarrives．Toalargedegree，themeasureofourpeaceofmindisdeterminedbyhowmuchweareabletoliveinthepresentmoment．结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，isdetermined和areableto.by后面接一个宾语从句。拆分：1.toalargedegree,themeasureofourpeaceofmindisdeterminedby2.Howmuchweareabletoliveinthepresentmoment.翻译：在很大程度上,我们内心是否平和是由我们是否能生活在现实之中所决定的。Withoutquestion,manyofushavemasteredtheneuroticartofspendingmuchofourlivesworryingaboutavarietyofthings－－allatonce．结构：这一句中含有一个谓语动词havemastered，spending是介词后跟动名词用法，worrying是spend…indoing…的用法。拆分：(Withoutquestion,)manyofushavemasteredtheneuroticart(ofspendingmuchofourlivesworryingaboutavarietyofthings)(－－allatonce．)翻译:毫无疑问，我们很多人掌握了一种神经兮兮的艺术，即把生活中的大部分时间花在为种种事情担心忧虑上---而且常常是同时忧虑许多事情。Weallowpastproblemsandfutureconcernstodominateourpresentmoments，somuchsothatweendupanxious，frustrated，depressed，andhopeless．结构：第二句中含有两个谓语动词allow和endup.Todominate是不定式用法。Somuchsothat如此以至于拆分：1.Weallowpastproblemsandfutureconcerns(todominateourpresentmoments)2.(somuchsothat)weendupanxious，frustrated，depressed，andhopeless．翻译：我们听凭过去的麻烦和未来的担心控制我们此时此刻的生活，以致我们整日焦虑不安，萎靡不振，甚至沮丧绝望。Unfortunately，thesamementaldynamicsthat