英语句子成分讲解及句子类型

取得英语语法成功的基石词类作用例词1.（n.）名词表示人或事物的名称。Iboughtabook.Sheisastudent.2.(pron.）代词代替名词、数词等。Thisismyfriend.Helikesthatbookbecauseitisveryusefultohim.PartsofSpeach3.（adj.）形容词表示人或事物的特征或性状。Heissmallbutheisclever.Theredpenisusefulfortheteacher.Hepaintedthewallwhiteyesterday.4.(num.）数词表示数目或顺序。TherearetenapplesonthetableandIwilltakethefirstone.5.（v.）动词表示动作或状态。WeareworkinghardatEnglish.Iwanttobecomeanengineer.6.（adv.）副词表示动作的特征或性状特征。IlikeEnglishverymuch.Theteachertreatsuskindly.Thetraingoesfast.Heseldomcomestoseeus.7.(prep.）介词表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。HeusuallystayathomeonSundays.8.（conj.）连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。HeandIareinthesameclassandwearegoodfriends.TwoorthreeofuscandancewellbutIcan’t.9.(interj.）感叹词表示强烈的感情Oh!Howbeautifulthesceneis!Whatagoodidea!Goodness!10.（art.）冠词用来限制名词的意义Ihaveapetdog.Thedogisverylovely.Heisanoldmanbutverystrong.一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首•1.WeloveChina.•2.Sheseemstired.•3.HecanspeakEnglish•4.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.二、谓语谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.动词实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词（V.）△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一词Heisateacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。系动词3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。谓语（V.）实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowersarebeautiful.MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.四、表语定语：用来修饰限定_____.Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定语名词状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语Johnoftencametochatwithme．Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.(程度目的)（地点伴随）（地点时间）（让步）（方式）(原因)•补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语EveryonecallshimJack.（宾补）HeiscalledJack.（主补）•同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明–TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.八、同位语一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Heisateacher.()2.Myideaisthis.()3.Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()4.Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()5.Heisoutofdanger.()6.Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()7.WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.It’saredcar.()2.Theyliveintheroomabove.()3.Mybrotherisateacher.()4.Webelongtothethirdworld.()5.Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()6.Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()7.Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()8.Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()10.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）11.Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?（）12.ThisistheverybookthatIneed.（）过去分词不定式动名词从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Heisoftenlateforclass.()2.Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()3.Hesattheresmoking.()4.Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）5.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.（）6.Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()7.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）10.Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）11.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句五、宾语补足语：1.IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()2.Ialwaysfindherhappy.()3.Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()4.IhadtheTVfixed.()5.Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()6.Whatmadeyouthinkso?()7.Doyouwantmetogo?()形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)只包含一个主谓结构Theyareplayingbaseballinthegarden.Herbrotherandsisiterarebothteachers.并列句(compoundsentence)Herfatherisado