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1同位语从句一、同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。1.由that引导Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他们为你生病发愁。Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不实。I’vecometotheconclusionthatitwasunwisetodothat.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。HereferredtoCopernicus’statementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。【注意1】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。Theresolutionthatwomenbeallowedtojointhesocietywascarried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。Icanunderstandtheireagernessthatyoushouldbethemainspeaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:HegabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.由whether引导Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.他是否会来还不一定。Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.你回答我的问题:你来不来。Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.这个是对还是错要看结果。Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。require.async(['wkcommon:widget/ui/lib/sio/sio.js'],function(sio){varurl='(url,function(){BAIDU_CLB_fillSlotAsync('u2845605','cpro_u2845605');});});23.由连接代词引导Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?你知道什么时候开始吗?From1985-90Iwasaninstructorattheregionalpartyheadquarters.AfterthatIwentbacktoworkinafactory.ThenIhadnoideawhatacasinowas.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。4.由连接副词引导Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做的问题。Hehadnoideawhysheleft.他不知道她为什么离开。YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas!你不知道我多着急!二、关于分离同位语从句有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如:Thestorygoesthathebeatshiswife.传说他打老婆。Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingtown.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是thathewillcome,故that引导的是同位语从句)Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。3.引导词的功能上的不同3that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充当told的宾语。4.被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外,when和where引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词thereason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:Ihavenoideawhentheywillcome.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)(from)Wedon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothemeetingisthatheisill.他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)4主语从句主语从句,即在复杂句中充当主语成分的句子,例如Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall,他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttime”便是该复合句的主语从句。引导主语从句的连词主要有:从属连词:thatwhether连接代词:whowhoeverwhomwhosewhatwhateverwhichwhichever连接副词:whenwherehowwhy第一部分常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.(6)Whateveryoudidisright.(7)Whomthewatchbelongstoisunknown.(8)Whatweneedistime.(9)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.名词性从句的时态规则:1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。Iwonderwhatheisdoingnow.Doyouknowwhenandwherehewasborn?I'llwritetotellhimwhereI'llmeethim.2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。Ithoughtthathestudiedhard.HetoldmehissonwaswatchingTV.(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。HesaidhewouldspendhisholidaysinQingdao.(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。Theytoldmetheyhadwaitedformehalfanhour.(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。Shetoldmeherbrotherdiedin1945.53)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。Theteachertoldusthattheearthturnsfromwesttoeast.HesaidAsiaisthelargestcontinent.Itwastruethatwaterfreezesatthirty-twodegreesFahrenheit.(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。Shetoldmethatshegetsupatsixo'clockeverymorning.Heaskedmewhenthetrainusuallystarts.(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。.....(4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。Hesaidthattheworkersinthatfactoryaretryingtofulfillthetaskintime.Shetoldmetheotherdaythatsheisonly10.(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。Hesaidhewillwaitformethisevening.小结:(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9)第二部分为了防止
本文标题:同位语
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