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经济学课程:参考书Coelli,T.,Rao,D.S.P.,andBattese,G.E.(2005)AnIntroductiontoEfficiencyandProductivityAnalysis,KluwerAcademicPublishers,Boston.Cooper,W.W.,L.M.SeifordandK.Tone(2007),DataEnvelopmentAnalysis:AComprehensiveTextwithModels,Applications,ReferencesandDEA-SolverSoftware,Boston:KluwerAcademicPublishers績效評估:效率與生產力之理論與應用/黃鏡如,傅祖壇,黃美瑛著著台北:新陸書局股份有限公司,中華民國97年[2008]组织效率与生产力评估:资料包络分析法/吴济华,何柏正著著台北县:前程文化事业有限公司,2008Chapter1introduction1.1TFPandperformanceevaluationEvaluationofaDecisionMakingUnit(DMU)ProductionXYInputOutputProductivity•HOWWELLtheoperationofaDMUisdoing•HOWMUCHitcouldpotentiallyimproveYObservedProductivity:X*YPotentialProductivity:X*Potential(Frontier)Output:YFrontier*ObservedProductivityYYEfficiency:=XXPotentialProductivity生产率与效率、效能决策单位投入(1)计划产出(2)潜在产出(3)实际产出(4)A2090120100B25110125100C159010590决策单位计划生产率(5)=(2)/(1)潜在生产率(6)=(3)/(1)实际生产率(7)=(4)/(1)效能(8)=(7)/(5)效率(9)=(7)/(6)A4.5651.110.83B4.4540.910.80C6.0761.000.861.2效率和生产率发展演变ThemeasurementoftechnicalefficiencyDebreu(1951)Debreu,G.,1951.Thecoefficientofresourceutilization.Econometrica19,273–292.Koopmans(1951)Koopmans,T.C.,1951.Analysisofproductionasanefficientcombinationofactivities.In:Koopmans,T.C.(Ed.),ActivityAnalysisofProductionandAllocation.Wiley,NewYork.效率和生产率发展演变Theproblemofmeasuringtheproductiveefficiencyofanindustryisimportanttoboththeeconomictheoristandtheeconomicpolicymaker.(Farrell,1957)Farrell,M.J.,1957.Themeasurementofproductiveefficiency.JournaloftheRoyalStatisticalSociety,SeriesA120(Part3),253–290.(activityanalysisapproach)Farrell,M.J.,Fieldhouse,M.,1962.Estimatingefficientproductionfunctionsunderincreasingreturnstoscale.JournaloftheRoyalStatisticalSociety,SeriesA(General)125,252–267.(alinearprogramming(LP),AlanHoffman一个运筹学家的建议)效率和生产率发展演变Themeasurementoftechnicalefficiencyproductivityoflabourindicesofefficiency“OQ/OPtechnicalefficiencyOR/OQPriceefficiencyOR/OPOverefficiency效率和生产率发展演变Themeasurementoftechnicalefficiencyproductivityoflabourindicesofefficiency“OQ/OPtechnicalefficiencyOR/OQPriceefficiencyOR/OPOverefficiency效率和生产率发展演变DataEnvelopmentAnalysisCharnes,A.,Cooper,W.W.andRhodes,E.(1978)Measuringtheefficiencyofdecisionmakingunits.EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch2(6):429–444.Banker,R.D.,Charnes,A.,Cooper,W.W.,1984.Somemodelsforestimatingtechnicalandscaleinefficienciesindataenvelopmentanalysis.ManagementScience30,1078–1092.效率和生产率发展演变Stochasticfrontieranalysis,SFAAigner,D.L.,Lovell,C.K.,andSchmidt,P.(1977).Formulationandestimationofstochasticfrontierproductionfunctionmodels.JournalofEconometrics,6(1):21–37.Meeusen,W.andvandenBroeck,J.(1977).EfficiencyEstimationfromCobb-DouglasProductionFunctionswithComposedError.InternationalEconomicReview,18(2):435–444.1986年,学者周泽昆、陈珽发表于期刊《系统工程》上的一篇论文《评价管理效率的一种新方法》,是我国第一篇关于DEA的论文。重要生产率定义时间表萌芽阶段1927年CobbandDouglas在美国经济学协会宣读了他们著名的论文《一个生产理论》。Copeland在其1937年的论文《国民收入的概念》中最先提出一个产出除以投入的指数Tinbergen1942Griliches,Z.(1996),“TheDiscoveryoftheResidual:AHistoricalNote,”JournalofEconomicLiterature34:3(September),1324-30.重要生产率定义时间表形成阶段Solow(1957)Solow,R.M.(1957),TechnicalChangeandtheAggregateProductionFunction,ReviewofEconomicsandStatistics39:3(August),312-20.第一个研究方向:解释全要素生产率的源泉,以Denison(1962)为代表早期在农业的应用第二个研究方向:主要是投入要素资本和劳动更加精确的测度,主要的代表是JorgensonandGriliches(1967)重要生产率定义时间表70年代到80年代初的发展Diewert(1976)Jorgenson和Nishimizu(1978)Cave,Christensen&Diewert(1982a,b)Pittman,R.W.,1983,“MultilateralProductivityComparisonswithUndesirableOutputs”,EconomicJournal,93,pp.883–891.MoneyandtheMeasurementofTotalFactorProductivity(DiewertandFox,2015)DataEnvelopmentAnalysisEmrouznejad,A.Parker,B.andG.Tavares(2008):Evaluationofresearchinefficiencyandproductivity:Asurveyandanalysisofthefirst30yearsofscholarlyliteratureinDEAJournalofSocio-EconomicsPlanningScience,42(3)151-157.DistributionofDEApublicationsbyyearThe20journalsthathavepublishedthegreatestnumberofDEApapersCharnes,A.,W.W.Cooper,andE.Rhodes,1978,Measuringtheefficiencyofdecisionmakingunits,EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch2,429-444.TechnicalEfficiency(1957)TechnicalProgress(1957)DistanceFunction(1970)DEA(1978)TörnqvistIndex(1976)GeometricMeanofMalmquistIndexes(1982)MalmquistIndex(1982)TFPDecomposition(1982)MalmquistTFPIndexdecomposition(1992,1994)DevisiaindexFarrellmeasureShephardCCRDiewertCCDNishimizu&PageFäreetal(FGNZ)CCDPaneldataStochasticfrontierDeterministicparametricfrontierTimetrendaroadmap1.3TFPandGrowthAccounting•TFPattimet:•TFPIndexwithperiodsasthebase:•TFPGrowthRate:–(Simple)GrowthRateatt=–(Compound)Growthrate=ttYTFP(t)XTFP(t)TFP(s,t)=,t=1,2,3,TFP(s)TFP(t)1TFP(t-1)TFP(t)ln()TFP(t-1)TFP、TFPindexandTFPgrowthrateyear(t)Yt(milliondollar)Xt(labor)TFP(t)milliondollar/laborTFPindex(baseperiod=2003)TFPAnnualgrowthrate2000604150.9375…2001855171.06250.13332002987140.8750-0.17652003966161.00000.142920041005201.25000.250020051266211.31250.050020061448181.1250-0.1429•GrowthAccounting:–OutputGrowthRate=InputGrowthRate+TFPGrowthRatettt-1t-1YXTFP(t)ln=lnlnYXTFP(t-1)tttttt-1t-1t-1t-1t-1YYXXXTFP(t)==YYXXTFP(t-1)X•TFPGr
本文标题:效率与生产率讲义(1)
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