Animal-communication

英语演讲与辩论，13，3216001842，梁绮琪AnimalcommunicationHello,everyone.Doyouknowwhatiscommunication?Communicationistheactofconveyinginformation.It’ssomethingthathumansdoeveryday.Justlikenow,wearealsocommunicating.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowdoanimalscommunicatewitheachother?Becauseoftheneedsofsurvivalandreproduction,allanimalsontheearthmusthaveavarietyofcontactswithothers.Andthesecontactsarethroughthesignals.Animalcommunicationistheformofcontactthatanimalsarouseoraffectothers’actionsbysignals.Therearemanywaysofanimalcommunication,mainlyincludingauditorycommunication,visualcommunication,chemicalcommunicationandtactilecommunication.First,theauditorycommunication.Soundscancrossobstaclesandtraveloververylongdistances,especiallyinwater,butitiseasilydisturbedandeasilywiretappedbynaturalenemies.Second,thevisualcommunication.Visualsignaliseasytolocate.Itcanbetransmittedinastraightlineandthespeedisfast,however,itiseasilyblockedbytheobjectsintheenvironment,andisalsoaffectedbythelight.Generally,animalswiththehelpofreflectedlightcanonlycommunicateinthedaytime,whiletheselfluminousanimals,suchasfireflies,canonlycommunicateatnight.Third,thechemicalcommunication.Itismainlydonebythesmellandtasteofanimals.Thechemicalsusedforcommunicationarepheromones,thesecretedorexcretedchemicalfactorthattriggersasocialresponseinmembersofthesamespecies.(FromWikipedia)Chemicalcommunicationcancrosstheobstaclesandcanbemadeinthedark.Inaddition,chemicalsignalsaresostablethattheywouldlastlong.Anditsmainweaknessistheslowspeedoftransmission.Fourth,thetactilecommunication.Tactilecommunicationismostlydirectphysicalcontact,suchasgrooming,feeding,mating,fighting,especiallythecompletionofmatingdependsonit.Thetactilesignalistransmittedcloselyandiseasytolocate.Afterknowingthewaysofanimalcommunication,let'stalkaboutitsfunctions.Frist,itcanhelpanimalsidentifyspecies.Itisveryimportantforananimaltorecognizeanindividualofthesamekindasitsown.Forexample,birdstakethecallasanimportantbasisforjudgingwhetheritisamemberoftheirkind.Second,ithelpstoidentifyothers’sex,attracttheoppositesexandalsohelpsincourtshipandmating.Forinstence,tolureoppositesex,manyinsectsoftenusethesmellandthefirefliesglow.Matingrequiresahighdegreeofcoordination,andsomespeciesevenhavetoperformacourtship.Third,communicationplaysaveryimportantroleinpromotingandmaintainingthesocialrelationsofanimals.Forexample,thealarmsignalandtheguidancesignal.Ingeneral,animalsliveinadangerousenvironment,soitisimportanttobeabletotransmitanalarm.Also,thedegreeofdangercanbeexpressedastheintensityofthesignal.Someanimalslikeantshaveguidancesignals.Afterfindngfood,thescoutantswillleavethemarkonthewaybacktothenesttoindicateotherworkerantstogetfood.Itisclearthatcommunicationisessentialforanimalstomaintainboththeirlifeandrace.Insummary,animalcommunicationistheformofcontactthatanimalsarouseoraffectothers’actionsbysignals.Itmainlyhas4modes:auditorycommunication,visualcommunication,chemicalcommunicationandtactilecommunication.Anditcanhelpanimalsidentifyspeciesandsex,contributetocourtshipandmating,andpromotandmaintainthesocialrelationsofanimals.Aftermyspeech,Ibelievethatyoumayhaveadeeperunderstandingofanimalcommunications.That’sall.Thankyouforyourattention.