主语从句讲解及练习

SubjectClauses主语从句一、名词性从句的相关概念二、名词性从句的种类：㈠、主语从句1、主语从句的连接词：2、主语从句的规律：3、主语从句试题集锦：㈡、宾语从句㈢、表语从句㈣、同位语从句三、课堂练习句子的成分【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？名词代词形容词数词动词副词介词连词感叹词冠词表示数目或顺序连接词与词或句与句的作用用来限制名词的意义表示动作或状态名词、代词其他词之间的关系表示人或事物的特征或性状表示强烈的感情代替名词、数词等表示动作的特征或性状特征表示人或事物的名称一.名词性从句的相关概念1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语。3.名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。4.名词性从句的种类：根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。5.主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的名词性从句一.名词性从句的相关概念定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词:that,whether；连接代词:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)和which(whichever)；连接副词:when,where,how和why。1).从属连词：1）从属连词：that，whether引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略.whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.2).连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever例:(1).Itisclearwhoisafraidofhavingachangeinlandownership.(2).Whosebagitiscannotbetold.(3).WhatIndianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer.(4).Itisnotyetdecidedwhichcashcropwillbeproducednextyear.(5).Whateverhesaidwasright.(6).Whoevergoestheremustgetreadyby6o’clock.3).连接副词:when,where,why,how,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howsoon,howoften例:(1).Whenwe’llstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.(2).Wherewecanbuyoxenissomethingweneedtofindout.(3).Whyhecamehereisnotknown.(4).Howwecanprotectthegrainfromdampneedstobediscussed.(5).Howmanypeoplediedfromstarvationthatyearwillneverbeknown.(6).Howoftenhe’llgotoseehisgrandmotherdependsonthetimehecanspare.主语从句后置：1.为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.1).It+be+形容词+that从句2.用it作形式主语的结构(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable等等)如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.2）.It+be+名词词组+that从句(anhonour,afact,apity等等）如：It’sapitythatwecan’tgotherewithyou.3).It+be+过去分词+that从句4).It+不及物动词或短语+that从句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc。）如：(seem,happen,doesn’tmatter,turnout等等)如：1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词。误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.2)如果主语从句放在句首，表示“是否”讲时，不能用if引导，只能用whether;，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.注意正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.正：WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3）主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：常与其后的名词作表语一致，且根据句子的语境而定。eg：5).用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat...句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气,用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。6).在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required中,that从句的谓语也应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。总结规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。规律二、连词that在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。规律三、whether可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。规律六、what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用it做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。Makesentences:It’scertain.we’llbelate.Ishecomingornot？Wedon’tknowWhatdoeshewanttotellus?Wedon’tknowWhenwillyoucomeback?Itdoesn’tmatter.It’scertainthatwewillbelate.Thatwe’llbelateiscertain.Wedon’tknowwhetherheiscomingornot.Whetherheiscomingisnotknown.Wedon’tknowwhathewantstotellus.Whathewantstotellusisnotknown.Whenyouwillcomebackdoesn’tmatter.Itdoesn’tmatterwhenyouwillcomeback.作业：汉译英。用两个方式来翻译中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖是个好消息。一个学生去学好英语是很重要的。据报道中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖。地球围着太阳转是个常识。answersItisagoodnewsthatChinesewriterMoyangetstheNobelPrizeinliterature.ThatChinesewriterMoyangetstheNobelPrizeinliteratureisagoodnews.ItisimportantthatastudentlearnsEnglishwell.ThatastudentlearnsEnglishwellisimportant.ItisreportedthatChinesewriterMoyangottheNobelPrizeinliterature.ChinesewriterMoyangottheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasreported.Theearthmovesaroundthesunisacommonknowledge.Itisacommonknowledgethattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when，who,why,howorthat.1.(_____isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.3.(_____wewillgotomorrow)hasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.(______theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.4.(______canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.5.(________itwillrainornot)isnotclear.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhether主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:1.___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.AWhichBAsCWhatDIt4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave英译汉Whatweneedismoney.Whathesaysisnotimportant.Whethertheywouldsu