中国文化概况-Chapter-3

Chapter3LiteratureAGlimpseofChineseCulture本章教学的目的1.中国文学史的基本发展脉络;2.中国文学史上的一些名著和现代名作家的基本知识;3.文学作品中脍炙人口诗句的英文翻译。本章教学的重难点1.古典文学发展脉络2.古代四大名著3.20世纪伟大作家4.“网络文学”利弊讨论本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解（60minutes）ABriefIntroduction(3minutes)ClassicalLiterature(47minutes)GreatWritersofthe20thCentury(10minutes)讨论(10minues)学生课件展示(30minutes)课文讲解1.ABriefIntroduction2.ClassicalLiterature3.GreatWritersofthe20thCenturyBriefintroduction(3minutes)FourmainperiodsofChineseliteraturedevelopment:Classical:pre—lateQingModern:1840—May4th,1919Revolutionary:1919—1949Contemporary:1949—presentClassicalLiterature(47minutes)DefinitionItreferstoliteraryworksfromthedaysbeforetheQinDynastytothelateQingDynasty.CharacteristicItisvirtuallyanunbrokenstrandenduringdynasticchanges.WorksTheBookofSongs(《诗经》)andPoetryoftheSouth(《楚辞》)areregardedasthetwopeaksofChina’searliestliterary.TheBookofSongs《诗经》(3minutes)Whatisit?Threesections:Feng(folkballads)Ya(dynastichymns)Song(sacrificialsongs)AcollectionofChina’s305oldestpoemsfromtheEarlyWesternZhouDynastytothemiddleSpringandAutumnPeriod;regardedastheearliestrealisticliteratureinChina.Guan-guangotheospreys,Ontheisletintheriver.Themodest,retiring,virtuous,younglady:Forourprinceagoodmateshe.Herelong,thereshort,istheduckweed,Totheleft,totheright,borneaboutbythecurrent.Themodest,retiring,virtuous,younglady:Wakingandsleeping,hesoughther.Hesoughtherandfoundhernot,Andwakingandsleepinghethoughtabouther.Longhethought;oh!longandanxiously;Onhisside,onhisback,heturned,andbackagain.Herelong,thereshort,istheduckweed;Ontheleft,ontheright,wegatherit.Themodest,retiring,virtuous,younglady:Withlutes,smallandlarge,letusgiveherfriendlywelcome.Herelong,thereshort,istheduckweed;Ontheleft,ontheright,wecookandpresentit.Themodest,retiring,virtuous,younglady:Withbellsanddrumsletusshowourdelightinher.PoetryoftheSouth《楚辞》(2minutes)PoetryoftheSouthisderivedfromthesongsofthesouthernstateofChuduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.ItpioneeredromanticisminChinesepoetry.TheverseofPoetryoftheSoutharefreeerthanthoseofTheBookofSongs.Itisnotfixedtofourcharactersperline,andthecharacterof“xi”(兮)isoftenputinthemiddleortheendofsomelines.QuYuanandHisMasterpiecesQuYuan—theearliestknownfamousChinesepoetMasterpieces:SorrowafterDeparture《离骚》AskHeaven《天问》NineElegies《九章》NineSongs《九歌》Appreciatingfamouslines路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。Thejourneyislong,I’llsearchupanddown.TheProseofthePre-QinPeriod(先秦子学)（5minutes)Theproseinthepre-Qinperiodincludeshistoricalprose(历史散文)andphilosophicalprose(诸子散文).HistoricalproseTheBookofHistory《尚书》SpringandAutumnAnnals《春秋》Zuo’sCommentary《左传》IntriguesoftheWarringStates《战国策》DiscoursesoftheStates《国语》PhilosophicalproseLaoZi(DaoDeJing),MoZi,Mencius,ZhuangZi,TheAnalectsofConfuciusHanDynastyLiterature（５minutes）hanfu(汉赋)alsocalledrhymeprose.ItisapopularliterarygenreoriginatingintheHanDynasty.Itemphasizeselaborationanddescription,andisthecombinationofpoemandprose.Itincludeslongessays(大赋)andshortessays(小赋).RepresentativeHanfuOnFaultsofQin《过秦论》RecordsoftheGrandHistorian《史记》yuefufolksongs(汉乐府民歌)Itfeaturesfive-characterlinesandreflectstherealityandlifeoflower-classworkingpeople.OutstandingYuefuFolksongsSoutheastthePeacockFlies《孔雀东南飞》TheBalladsofMulan《木兰诗》TheBalladsofMulanandSoutheastthePeacockFliesDisneyPictures'MulanSoutheastthePeacockFliesAppreciatingfamouslines唧唧复唧唧；木兰当户织。不闻机杼声；唯闻女叹息。……——《木兰诗》Alack,alas!alack,alas!Sheweavesandseestheshuttlepass.Youcannotheartheshuttle,why?Itswhirisdrownedinherdeepsigh.天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。——(《敕勒歌》)Vastisthesky,boundlessthewilds,grazingcattlearerevealedasthegrassbenddawninthewind.—TheChileBalladTheLiteratureintheWei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties(3minutes)AnewgenreThestoriesrecordingspiritsandanecdotes(志人志怪小说)OutstandingworksofthisperiodThePeachBlossomSpring《桃花源记》TheLiteraryMindandtheCarvingofDragons《文心雕龙》TheTangPoems（10minutes）TheCompleteAnthologyofTangPoems《全唐诗》Thebiggest-evercollectionofChinesepoetry.ThedevelopmentofpoetryintheTangDynastycanbeclassifiedintofourstages:EarlyTang,HighTang,MidTangandlateTangTheFourLiteraryEminences(初唐四杰)WangBo,YangJiong,LuoBinwang,andLuZhaolinTheirpoems,inarefinedlanguage,boastbeautifultonalpatternsandrhymeschemes.LiBaiandhispoemsLiBai,the“CelestialPoet(诗仙)”,haslongbeenregardedthegreatestromanticpoetinChineseliterature.Inhispoems,imagination,exaggeration,dictionandsonorousrhythmsareblendedeffortlessly.ThinkingintheSilentNight《静夜诗》HardistheRoadtoShu《蜀道难》DreamingofSightseeingintheTianmuMountains《梦游天姥吟留别》床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。——李白《静夜诗》Abed,Iseeasilverlight,Iwonderifit'sfrostaground.Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;Bowing,inhomesicknessI'mdrowned.—LiBai’sATranquilNightDuFuandhispoemsDuFu,the“SaintPoet(诗圣)”,hasbeenconsideredasthegreatestrealisticpoetinChineseliterature.Hedevelopedadepressingandmeticulousliterarystyle.“Threeofficers”(三吏)TheXin’anOfficer《新安吏》TheShihaoOfficer《石壕吏》OfficeratTongguanPass《潼关吏》“ThreePartings”(三别)PartingoftheNewly-wed《新婚别》PartingoftheOld《垂老别》PartingoftheHomeless《无家别》BaiJuyiandhispoemsTheoutstandingpoetBaiJuyisucceededDuFuwithpoem