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ArthurSchopenhauer,selectedfrom“TheWorldasWillandIdea”叔本华,节选《世界是意志和表象》关键词(KeyWords):叔本华:Schopenhauer意志:Will表象:Idea生存意志:Thewilltolive自在之物:Thething–in-itself现象:Phenomenon希望:WishIntroductionofSchopenhauerSchopenhauer(1788-1860)wasthesonofasuccessfullybusinessman.Heinheritedsubstantialwealthand,therefore,didnothavetoearnhislivelihoodbutcoulddevoteallhistimetostudyandwriting.Hepublishedhisprincipalwork,TheWorldasWillandIdea,whenhewasthirtyyearsold.Althoughitwasnotwellreceivedatthetime,hisworksgainedwiderecognitionandacclaimbeforehisdeathin1860,attheageofseventy-two.叔本华生平简介叔本华(1788-1860)是一个成功商人的儿子。他从他父亲那里继承了大笔遗产,因此他不需要去打工谋生,能够把所有的时间都用来学习和写作。30岁时他发表了他主要著作“世界是意志和表象”。虽然这部著作当时很少被人注意,可是在1860年他72岁时,他的许多著作才被人注意并获得了认可。MainideasWillisthething–initself,theessenceoftheworld.Life,thevisibleworld,thephenomenon,istheonlymirrorofthewill..Theuniverseisthewilltolive.意志是自在之物,是世界的本质。生活是可见的现象世界。Birthanddeathbelongmerelytophenomenon.人的生死只属于现象。Allsatisfaction,orwhatiscommonlycalledhappiness,isalwaysreallyandessentiallyonlynegative,andneverpositive.Onlywhenwehavelostthemdowebecomesensibleoftheirvalue.人的一切的满足,或者是我们通常所称的幸福,其实从本质上说仅是否定的,从来不是肯定的。只有当我们失去什么时,我们才能意识到它们的价值。Thelifeofeveryindividual,ifwesurveyitasawholeandingenera,andonlylaystressuponitsmostsignificantfeatures,isreallyalwaysatragedy,butgonethroughindetail,ithasthecharacterofacomedy.每个人的生活从总体上仅从侧重的主要特征上来说是一部悲剧,可是从细节上说,又具有喜剧的特征。
本文标题:Arthur--Schopenhauer(叔本华)
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