中国文化英语教程Unit-8

Unit8OpennessoftheGreatTangLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-in《忆昔》（其二）忆昔开元全盛日，小邑犹藏万家室。稻米流脂粟米白，公私仓廪俱丰实。九州道路无豺虎，远行不劳吉日出。齐纨鲁缟车班班，男耕女桑不相失。……—杜甫Howdoyouunderstandthefollowingpoem?Whatdoesitdescribe?Lead-inHowmuchdoyouknowaboutthefollowingpainting?Whatdoesitdescribe?Lead-inTheGreatTangDynasty•thelargestChinesepaintinginChina.•settledinSofitelWandaBeijingHotel.•Length:9meters•Height:6metersLead-in•ThegiantpaintingisdrawnbyfamouscontemporarypainterShiQi(石齐).•Itreproducesthepeaceandprosperity,vastterritory,andnationalharmonyduringtheTangperiodIntroductionArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldReligiousDiversitySeekingBuddhistTruthsTextstudyChang’anasanInternationalMetropolisIntroduction•“Isitnotapleasuretomeetfriendsfromafar?”•Confucius’attitudeshowsthattheChinesehavealwayshighlyrespectedfriendsfromalongwayoffandaspiredtolearnfromthem.•“Goodgovernancemakesone’sneighborshappyandattractspeoplefromfarawayplacestocomeandlearnfromyou”(悦近邻，来远人)Introduction•TheprosperousTangDynastybestexemplifiedtheopenandinclusivespiritofChinesecultureasadvocatedbyConfucius.•Insteadofdenialorconfrontation,theTang,fromthereignofEmperorTaizongonwards,toleratedandabsorbedelementsfromallculturesthatitcameintocontactwith,leadingtoprosperityinallaspectsofsociallife.ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorld宫乐图Song-and-musicPerformanceattheCourt,byZhouFang(birthanddeathdatesunknown),TangDynastyArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldMusic•BoththeTangandtheprecedingSuiDynasty(581-618)presentedlarge-scalesonganddanceperformancesatcourtbanquetsandceremonies.DancePotteryArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorld•MusicSuiDynasty:nine-sectionmusicalsymphony(九部乐)•Thenine-partandtheten-partmusicalworksincludednotonlyHanmusicandXinjiangregionalmusic,butalsoelementsfromforeigncultures,includingIndia,Myanmar(缅甸)andCambodia(柬埔塞).TangDynasty:ten-sectionmusicalsymphony(十部乐)ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorld•Loveformusicfromotherlandswasprevalentnotonlyamongtheimperialfamilyandthenobility,butalsoamongthecommonpeople.•“EveryhouseholdinLuoyangiseagertolearnthemusicofdiversenationalities,”vividlydescribestheatmosphereofthattime.ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldMusicalinstrumentspipa琵琶(fromIndiaandPersia)ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldbili筚篥(bamboopipewithareedmouthpiece,FromPersia)ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldkonghou箜篌(pluckedinstrumentwithfiveto25strings)(fromIndia)ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldhorizontalflute横笛(originallycalledqiangflute,fromIndia)ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldNoteMelodyonSplendidFairyCostumes:《霓裳羽衣曲》中国唐代大型乐舞套曲，音乐情调幽雅清丽，接近“清乐”的风格，属于“法曲”，着力渲染虚无缥缈的天外世界，反映了当时一种求仙访道的思想。•MelodyonSplendidFairyCostumesissaidtohavebeencomposedbyEmperorXuanzongafterhepaidavisittothemoon.ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldBrahmanMelody:《婆罗门曲》为天竺舞曲，从西域、中亚诸国的通道传入唐朝。•Actually,theemperorhadadaptedthepiecefromtheBrahmanMelodyoftheWesternRegions.Therefore.itcanberegardedasthefruitoftheharmonizingofthemusicoftheHanandothernationalities.NoteArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldDanceSwirlingDances:fromanareaintoday’sUzbekistan(胡旋舞)JumpingDances:fromnearpresent-dayTashkent(柘枝舞)ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldSwirlingDances(胡旋舞)ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorldJumpingDances(柘枝舞)柘枝妓平铺一合锦筵开，连击三声画鼓催。红蜡烛移桃叶起，紫罗衫动柘枝来。带垂钿胯花腰重，帽转金铃雪面回。看即曲终留不住，云飘雨送向阳台。——白居易ArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorld三彩女俑Tri-coloredglazedpotterystatueifaladywithalovelysmile,TangDynasty•PotteryArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorld陶黄釉持琵琶女俑Potterystatueofafemalepipaplayer,TangDynastyArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorld陶画彩胡人俑Coloredpotteryofamanofminorityorigin,TangDynastyArtsfromAllCornersoftheWorld三彩俑乐师骑骆驼Tri-coloredpotteryofacamelcarryingmusicians,TangDynastyReligiousDiversity1.Christianity基督教2.Zoroastrianism琐罗亚斯德教(袄教)3.Manichaeism摩尼教ReligiousDiversity•Nestorius,thefounder,wascondemnedforpracticingheresy(异教)andexpelledbytheRomanChurchin431.HelaterdiedinexileinthedesertsofwesternEgypt.•Hisfollowersseceded(脱离)fromtheRomanChurchandstartedspreadingtheirreligiontotheeast.Olopen,oneoftheirarchbishops(大主教),arrivedinChang’anin635withhisretinue(一批随员),callingthemselves“Nestorians”.•Nestorianism,abranchofChristianity,wasintroducedintoChinaduringthereignofEmperorTaizong.ChristianityReligiousDiversity•ZoroastrianismoriginatedinPersia,whereitwastwiceestablishedasthestatereligion.IthadbeenintroducedbySugudamerchantsenteringChinaintheearly4thcentury,andwasofficiallyrecognizedintheearlyTangDynasty.Zoroastrianism(琐罗亚斯德教/袄教))ReligiousDiversity•ManichaeismhadbeencreatedbyMani,aPersian,laterbanished(流放)bytheZoroastrians.•AfterManiwaspersecuted(迫害)todeathbythePersiankingBahramIin277,hisfollowersfledabroad,spreadingtheirreligiontomanyotherplaces.•IthasbeendocumentedthatManichaeismreachedtheinlandsofChinaasearlyasthereignofEmperorGaozong.•EmpressWu,whoruledtheTangEmpirefrom690to705,approvedtheteachingsofManichaeismaswell.Manichaeism(摩尼教)SeekingBuddhistTruthsXuanzang(玄奘)Yijing(义净)•NotonlydidtheTangEmpireopenitsdoorstooverseasfriendsandembraceforeigncultures,manyofitspeoplealsowentabroadtostudylocalcultures.•Twoofthemostoutstandingexamples:SeekingBuddhistTruths•Xuanzang(602-664)leftChinaforSouthAsiain627,andreturnedtoChang’anin645.•Durin