中国文化英语教程Unit-9

Unit9ZhengHe’sVoyagestotheWesternSeasLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inPainting:ZhengHe’svoyagestotheWesternSeasIntroductionAdvancedNavigationCivilizationSpreadingPeaceTextstudyIntroductionThefirstvoyage:Thegreatestfleetwiththelargestcrewstheworldhadeverseen.•Time:1405.7.11•Scale:208ships;morethan27,500people•Cargoes:porcelain,silk,tea,othertreasures…•Scope:theSouthChinaSea,thestraitofMalacca,theIndiaOcean,manycountriesofAsiaandAfrica…Introduction•AnimportantofficialinthecourtofEmperorYongleoftheMingDynasty.•BorntoaMuslimfamily,alsobelievedinBuddhismandMazu.•Intelligentandknowledgeableaboutnavigation.•Directallsevenadventurousmissions.Commander:ZhengHe(1371-1433)IntroductionZhengHe’ssevenvoyagesFirstvoyageSecondvoyageThirdvoyageFourthvoyageFifthvoyageSixthvoyageSeventhvoyage1405.07.11永乐三年1407.10.13永乐五年1409.10永乐七年1413.11永乐十一年1417.06永乐十五年1421.03.03永乐十九年1431.01宣德五年AdvancedNavigationCivilizationZhengHeFamousnavigatorsandtheirvoyagesChristopherColumbusVascodaGamaFerdinandMagellanAdvancedNavigationCivilizationChristopherColumbuscameuponthecontinentoftheAmericasin1492bytravelingacrossthePacificwithhisSpanishfleet.ChristopherColumbus:克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451-1506)意大利航海家，在1492年到1502年间在西班牙的资助下四次横渡大西洋，到达美洲大陆，也因此成为了名垂青史的航海家。NoteAdvancedNavigationCivilizationThePortuguesefleetofVascodaGamapassedaroundAfrica’sCapeofHopeandacrosstheIndianOcean,toarriveatCalicutonthewestcoastofIndiain1498.VascodaGama:瓦斯科·达·伽马(1460-1524)，葡萄牙航海家，首辟由欧洲绕非洲好望角到印度的航道（1497-1499），使葡萄牙得以在印度洋上建立霸权，1524年出任葡属印度总督。NoteAdvancedNavigationCivilizationFerdinandMagellanandhisSpanishfleetclaimedthefirstround-the-worldnavigationin1522.FerdinandMagellan:费迪南·麦哲伦(1480-1521)葡萄牙航海家，1519年率西班牙船队作首次环球航行，1520年发现了以他的名字命名的麦哲伦海峡，到达菲律宾群岛后被当地人杀害。NoteAdvancedNavigationCivilizationZhengHe’svoyagestookplacemuchearlierandonamuchlargerscale.ZhengHe’sfleetswereunparalleledduringhistimeintermsofsize,navigationtechnology,organizationandamenities(便利设施).ZhengHe:郑和(1371-1433)云南昆阳（今云南晋宁）人，1405-1433年，奉明廷之命率领船队七次出使亚非30多个国家和地区，是中国航海史和外交史上的重大事件NoteAdvancedNavigationCivilizationZhengHe’sshipsZhengHe’sshipswereconstructedwithadvancedtechnologyandcraft.Alarge-sizeshipinthefleetwas150meterslong,60meterswideand12metersdeep.Ithadacargocapacityofaboutl,000tons,withfourlevelstohousemorethanl,000crewandpassengers.AdvancedNavigationCivilizationTheforedeckhadanareaof9,000squaremeters,equaltothesizeofhalfafootballfield.Theshiphadninemastswith12sails.Itsironrudder(舵)neededmorethan200peopletolift.ThelargeshipsofZhengHe’sfleetwouldstilllookextraordinaryeventoday.AdvancedNavigationCivilizationZhengHe’sshipsSpreadingPeaceThepurposesofEmperorYongletosendZhengHeonthemissions:ToshowofftheprosperityoftheMingEmpire;Toputintopracticehisidealsofmakingfriendswithandspreadingpeacetoothercountriesnearandfar.SpreadingPeaceTheprincipleofpeacelaiddownbyEmperorYongle:“FollowthewaysofHeavenandtheworld,donotbullysmallorweakcountries,andspreadtheblessingofpeace.”(信守天道，循理安分，勿得违越，不可欺寡，不可凌弱，庶几共享太平之福。)SpreadingPeaceZhengHedeployedtroopsthreetimesonhisallsevenlongjourneys:ThefirsttimewastowipeoutpiratesinthePalembangarea.Thesecondtimewasinself-defense:againstanattackbyakingofCeylon.Thethirdtimewasalsoinself-defense:againstagangofriotersfromtheSumatraarea.NoneoftheseactsconstitutedaviolationoftheprincipleofpeacelaiddownbyEmperorYongle.SpreadingPeace•OfthemanyplacesthatZhengHe’sfleetsreached,theyneveroccupiedaninchofanybody’sterritory,nortookawaytheslightestbitofanybody’sproperty,norleftasinglesoldieronanybody’sland.•ZhengHebroughtgiftstotheplaceshereached.Thegiftsrangedfromcash,silk,porcelainandclothing,toutensilsmadeofiron,copper,silverandgold,bricks,tilesandglazed(上釉的)tilesforlocalstobuildtemples.SpreadingPeace青花竹石灵芝纹盘Blue-and-whiteplatefromtheHongwuregion(1368-1398)oftheMingDynastySpreadingPeace青釉刻花瓶CeladonvasefromYaozhouKilnoftheSongDynastySpreadingPeace•ZhengHe’screwbartered(交换)porcelain,silk,tea,andmetalutensilswithlocalgovernmentsandordinarycitizensforjewelry,spices,medicine,andrareanimals.•Theyalsointroducedtothecountriestheyvisiteditemssuchas:theChinesecalendar,Chinesemedicalsciences,andtechnologiesinfarming,manufacturing,navigationandshipbuilding.SpreadingPeaceOneveryoneofhismissions,ZhengHewouldbringenvoysfromotherlandsbacktoChina.Intheninthlunarmonthof1422(20thyearofEmperorYongle’sreign),morethanl,200envoysfrom16statesinSouthernAfricacametovisitChinawithZhengHe’sfleet.TherewerealsoseveralkingswhotraveledonZhengHe’sshipbacktoChina.ThreeofthemstayedinChinauntiltheydiedduetoillness.SpreadingPeace•PeopleinsomeAsiancountriesstillretainfondmemoriesofZhengHe’svisits.•Onecanfindmanycommemorative(纪念性的)buildingsinthesecountries.SpreadingPeaceThetemplenamedafterZhengHeintheIndonesianportcityofSemarang.SpreadingPeaceIntheMalaccaStraitsareatherecanbefoundawellsaidtohavebeendugbyZhengHe.ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionI.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1)WhichaspectsofZhengHe’svoyagesarementionedinthefirstparagraph?2)WhatwasZhengHe’s