AMC数学高频词汇

代数部分（algebra）1.四则运算plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)加sum和minus(prep.),subtract(v.)subtraction(n.)减difference/remainder差times(prep.),multiply(v.)multiplication（n.）乘product积dividedby(prep.),divide(v.)division(n.)除divisible可被整除的dividedevenlyby被….整除divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数2.基本数学概念arithmetic算术digit数字absolutevalue绝对值e.g.｜-32｜=32factorial阶乘power乘方square平方cube立方thepowerofn,thenthpowern次方radicalsign,rootsign根号squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根therootofn,thenthrootn次方根exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边3.有关数论（主要研究整数的性质）realnumber实数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数rationalnumber有理数irrationalnumber无理数integer,wholenumber整数2-digitinteger两位整数positivewholenumber正整数null,zero,nought,nil零negativewholenumber负整数naturalnumber自然数nonnegative非负的oddinteger/oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数consecutivenumber连续整数inverse/reciprocal倒数primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,……compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……commondivisor/denominator公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple（最小）公倍数(prime)factor（质）因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制binarysystem二进制hexadecimalsystem十六进制weight,significance权carry进位units个位tens十位hundredsdigit/thehundreds百位数thousandsdigit/thethousands千位数4.有关分数（fraction）和小数（decimal）ratio比simplefraction简分数(least)commondenominator（最小）公分母Aquarterof四分之一One序数词of几分之一Eg：onethirdof三分之一decimalpoint小数点tenthsunit十分位hundredthsdigit百分位thousandthsdigit千分位数roundto/tothenearest四舍五入rounddown下舍入roundup上舍入significantdigit有效数字5.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项monomial单项式polynomial,multinomial多项式factorization因式分解coefficient系数unknown未知数x-factor,y-factor,z-factorequation等式，方程式originalequation原方程equivalentequation等价方程linearequation线性方程simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程equals,isequalto等于isequivalentto等于approximatelyequal约等于isgreaterthan大于islesserthan小于isequalorgreaterthan大于等于isequalorlesserthan小于等于inequation/inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等6.有关集合（aggregate）与数列（series）element元素void空集subset子集intersection交集union并集complement补集union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列commondifference公差geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列commonratio公比7.有关坐标系（coordinatesystem）rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标x-axis,y-axis,z-axis坐标轴x,y,znumberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率几何部分1.点point，线line，所有的角line,straightline直线radial射线segment线段endpoint端点midpoint中点parallellines平行线parallel平行intersect相交intersection交点perpendicular垂直angle角bisect平分degree角度verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角includedangle夹角acuteangle锐角rightangle直角straightangle平角obtuseangle钝角roundangle周角2.平面几何（planegeometry），三角形（triangle）base底side边height高equilateraltriangle等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形obtusetriangle钝角三角形leg三角形的直角边hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边base底边，底数opposite直角三角形中的对边Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理arm直角三角形的股medianofatriangle三角形的中线inscribedtriangle内接三角形circumference,perimeter周长area面积similar相似congruent全等的anglebisector角平分线fold对折3.除三角形外的平面图形arc弧segmentofacircle弧形circle圆chord弦radius/radii半径diameter直径tangent切线的semicircle半圆pi圆周率centerofacircle圆心sector扇形circumscribe外切inscribe内切inscribedcircle内切圆circumcircle外切圆vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点quadrilateral四边形diagonal对角线square正方形，平方rectangle矩形，长方形parallelogram平行四边形regularpolygon正多边形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi（pl.）菱形diamond菱形trapezoid梯形righttrapezoid直角梯形isoscelestrapezoid等腰梯形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形polygon多边形equilateral等边形plane平面4.有关立体图形solid立方体cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体edge棱faceofasolid立体的面regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体hemisphere半球cube立方体rotation旋转axis轴altitude高depth深度side边长surfacearea表面积undersurface底面volume体积crosssection横截面概率统计（statistics）average/mean平均数，平均值arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值mode众数median中数mid-range中列数（数据中最大值与最小值的算数平均值）propotion比例percent百分比percentage百分点permutation排列combination组合probability概率graph图表histogram柱形统计图piediagram扇形统计图其他（unit单位）approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏温度Fahrenheit华氏温度quart夸脱gallon(1gallon=4quart)加仑yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)level;horizontal水平的vertical竖直的，垂直的